the sealness of wilayah is one of the most important and challenging issues discussed by muslim mystics, and has been discussed by the likes of ibn ‘arabi. like other mystics, ibn ‘arabi divides wilayah into two types: absolute and limited. however, his ideas with regards to instances of absolute wilayah and limited wilayah diverge from the norm. sometimes this divergence is so extreme that acc...

Karim Saei was born in 1910, in Mashhad, north eastern Iran, where he got his diploma. He left behind his homeland for Karaj city to study at the Faculty of Agriculture of Tehran University. He passed his course very successfully and received his B.Sc. degree in 1931 followed by a scholarship to study for 2 years at Agronomic Institute in Montpellier, France. He graduated M.Sc. with excellent g...

Peter Wildeblood is a homosexual. He may rest assured that few envy him that diagnosis. There are those?as this book well demonstrates?who have conceived a hatred against him and his kind nevertheless. Mr. Wildeblood takes Machiavelli's advice. He writes in this book as one of our politicians is said to speak "with a tongue of silver and a belly of fire." Twelve months is a long time to stoke a...

ibn baabak is a poet who is not known as he deserves. we do not find many things about or from him except some imitative repeated phrases and so here we have talked about him briefly at a glance. noting his life, poems, faith, and connection to the issue of relation between a poet to his contemporary authors and poets as well as speaking about literary movement and his role in its dynamics, man...

hodbat-ibn-khashram was from ozreh tribe. information about him and his poetry can be rarely found in sources. the only findings are about his arguments with his cousin ziyadat. ibn khashram was the one who had started this struggle which caused him to kill ziyadat. for this reason, their tribes fought each other as well and finally he was hanged. in their struggle, at first, ziyadat cursed at ...

kashajam mahmood-ebne-hosein is one of the poets of second era in abbasi age. at first he worked as a cook in the court and then becamed famous as a poet and literary man by abi elhija hamdani .then by his son seif-ol-dole hamdani got attracted to egypt during his traveling. several books are remained after him such as a book of poem in which eulogy and description attained perfection.kashajam ...