OBJECTIVE To investigate T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) and its ligand galectin-9 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura (HSP) patients. METHODS Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine the mRNA expression of Tim-3 and its ligand galectin-9...

background: chronic inflammation and dys-regulation of the immune system mechanisms are now well established as primary triggers of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. galectin-9 (gal-9) is a member of the galectin family and known as an inducer of cell aggregation, adhesion and apoptosis. gal-9 interaction with its main ligand t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein-3 (tim-3) leads...

Background: Chronic inflammation and dys-regulation of the immune system mechanisms are now well established as primary triggers of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a member of the galectin family and known as an inducer of cell aggregation, adhesion and apoptosis. Gal-9 interaction with its main ligand T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein-3 (Tim-3) leads...

Inhibition of immune checkpoint proteins (checkpoints) has become a promising anti-esophageal cancer strategy. We here tested expressions of immune checkpoints in human esophageal cancers. Our results showed the expressions of many immune checkpoints, including CD28, CD27, CD137L, programmed death 1 (PD-1), T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3), T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), CD160, cytotox...

Dysfunction of the virus-specific T cells is a cardinal feature in chronic persistent viral infections such as one caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). In chronic HCV infection, virus-specific dysfunctional CD8 T cells often overexpress various inhibitory receptors. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was the first among these inhibitory receptors that were identified to be overexpressed in functional...

Skewed T helper 2 (Th2)‑cell polarization plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammations; however, the underlying mechanisms require further elucidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms through which the interaction between T‑cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM)4 and TIM1 regulates the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)...

UNLABELLED T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) and other TIM family members were recently identified as phosphatidylserine (PtdSer)-mediated virus entry-enhancing receptors (PVEERs). These proteins enhance entry of Ebola virus (EBOV) and other viruses by binding PtdSer on the viral envelope, concentrating virus on the cell surface, and promoting subsequent internalization. The PtdS...