Practicing phylogenetic systematics as a sophisticated falsification research program provides a basis for claiming increased knowledge of sister species relationships and synapomorphies as evidence for those cladistic propositions. Research in phylogenetic systematics is necessarily cyclic, and the place where the positive shift in understanding occurs is subsequent to discovering the most par...

background : cockroaches are of vital importance medically and hygienically. they are able to contaminate foods and act as vectors of pathogenic agents such as bacteria, protozoa, and parasites to human environment either mechanically or through their digestive system. cockroaches belong to the phylum arthropoda, class insecta, and order blattodea or blattaria. to date, over 4,500 cockroach spe...

the present study provides information about the cryptinae and ichneumoninae (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) species collected from kerman province, during 2013. a total of 12 species belonging to 10 genera of these two subfamilies were collected and identified. they were cryptus inculcator (linnaeus, 1758); dichrogaster longicaudata (thomson, 1884); dichrogaster saharator (aubert, 1964) and mesos...

Based on the Randic suggestion of the resolution of a structure into shape, size, and function an index representing structure-catabolic fate relationships of amino acids is constructed. The index obtained by multiplying three factors; (nb2 + nr), nc and M; representing shape, size and function respectively, where nb2 = number of double bonds, nr = number of rings, nc = number of carbon atoms, ...