Intravitreous injection is a widely used technique in visual sciences research. It can be used to establish animal models with ocular diseases or as direct application of local treatment. This video introduces how to use simple and inexpensive tools to finish the intravitreous injection procedure. Use of a 1 ml syringe, instead of a Hamilton syringe, is used. Practical tips for how to make appr...

BACKGROUND Needle-syringe programs (NSP) have been running in Iran since 2002. However, the coverage of such program among the NSP clients at the individual level was not studies yet. This study aimed to determine the client coverage of NSP and its correlation with high injection-related risk behaviors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kermanshah province, Iran, in 2014. 230 ...

BACKGROUND It is increasingly recognized that the risk for HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID), such as syringe sharing, occurs in the context of relationships between (at least) two people. Evidence suggests that the risk associated with injection behavior varies with injection partner types. METHODS We utilized longitudinal dyad-level data from a stud...

In the present paper, the characteristics (apparatus, manifold design, and operation mode) of multi-syringe flow injection analysis systems are discussed and critically compared to those of flow injection analysis and sequential injection systems. Furthermore, a survey of applications proposed until the present moment is presented, with special emphasis on implementation of in-line sample treat...

Injection drug users (IDUs) in San Juan, Puerto Rico are characterized by high rates of daily injecting, injection of shared drugs, re-use of injection syringes, and use of shooting galleries. They lack adequate access to new injection syringes and drug preparation equipment, and experience elevated rates of HIV and HCV infection. Between April and August, 2006, researchers and active IDUs coll...

accordingly, his clinic has ‘‘ceased the policy of aspiration before injection.’’ Although respecting this position, I am not completely in agreement with it. The data presented by Waibel certainly confirm the common knowledge that strict conformity to official recommendations, eventually in combination with additional safety measures like the use of smaller needles, can reduce to extremely low...