Civil Sphere Theory (CST) provides a more dynamic, cultural, and democratically oriented model of contemporary society than either conflict or modernization theory. Civil spheres expand and contract in contradictory ways. Utopian periods of utopian repair trigger defensive efforts that primordialize and exclude. Late 20 century civil repair generated new relations of economic production and mor...

The article is devoted to the development of Turkish-Syrian relations in XXI century, with influence previous decades and transfer Turkey 1930s part Syrian territory (Alexandretta Sanjak), controlled by France. In second half 20th developed under conditions Cold War were accompanied repeated demands an already independent Syria for return Hatay. After Justice Development Party came power, warme...

We consider whether the fragmentation of combatants during civil war has downstream effects on the durability of peace following civil wars. We contend that the splintering of combatant groups, a primary manifestation of rebel group fragmentation, produces potential spoiler groups that are neither incidental nor unimportant in the process of civil war resolution. Making connections to the spoil...

As of March 2016, 4.8 million Syrian refugees were scattered in two dozen countries by the civil war. Refugee smuggling has been a major catalyst of human trafficking in the Middle East and Europe migrant crises. Data on the extent to which smuggling devolved into trafficking in this refugee wave is, however, scarce. This article investigates how Syrian refugees interact with smugglers, sheddin...

Entertainment software developers face significant challenges in designing games with broad appeal. One of the challenges concerns creating nonplayer (computer-controlled) characters that can adapt their behavior in light of the current and prospective situation, possibly emulating human behaviors. This adaptation should be inherently novel, unrepeatable, yet within the bounds of realism. Evolu...

This chapter is based on a presentation “Lessons from the DoD Gulf War Illnesses Research Investment – Neuroepidemiology, Environmental Exposures, and Soldier Well-being” made at the NATO/PfP Workshop on Environmental and Industrial Health Hazards (EIHH) and Public Health Concerns in International Missions in Umea, Sweden, on 14 October 2004. A more comprehensive version is being prepared for p...