This review presents the synergistic effect in the catalytic system of ionic liquids (ILs) for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate from carbon dioxide and epoxide. The emphasis of this review is on three aspects: the catalytic system of metal-based ionic liquids, the catalytic system of hydrogen bond-promoted ionic liquids and supported ionic liquids. Metal and ionic liquids show a synergistic ef...

bismuth salts and different antimicrobials including metonidazole & tetracyclines were used in the assessment of inhibition zone of helicobacter pylori cultures on solid media. antibiotics were used or in combined in order to find out their possible synergistic effects. it was showed that: only bismuth substrate and not then salts have antibacterial effects on helicobacter pylori and also on th...

Speciation is the process by which reproductively isolated lineages arise, and is one of the fundamental means by which the diversity of life increases. Whereas numerous studies have documented an association between ecological divergence and reproductive isolation, relatively little is known about the role of natural selection in genome divergence during the process of speciation. Here, we use...

In a recent Frontiers in Neuroscience paper (Neftci et al., 2014) we contributed an on-line learning rule, driven by spike-events in an Integrate and Fire (IF) neural network, that emulates the learning performance of Contrastive Divergence (CD) in an equivalent Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) amenable to real-time implementation in spike-based neuromorphic systems. The eventdriven CD framew...

1 Deviation bounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 Markov and generalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Class of sub-Gaussian random variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.1 Basic properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2....

BACKGROUND Local natural laboratories, designated by us as the "Evolution Canyon" model, are excellent tools to study regional and global ecological dynamics across life. They present abiotic and biotic contrasts locally, permitting the pursuit of observations and experiments across diverse taxa sharing sharp microecological subdivisions. Higher solar radiation received by the "African savannah...

This letter presents an analysis of the contrastive divergence (CD) learning algorithm when applied to continuous-time linear stochastic neural networks. For this case, powerful techniques exist that allow a detailed analysis of the behavior of CD. The analysis shows that CD converges to maximum likelihood solutions only when the network structure is such that it can match the first moments of ...

Plant breeding deals with high-yielding genotypes. However, how best to choose parents of these genotypes remains an unsolved question. Here, we focus on a priori choice based on parental distances by means of agronomic and molecular data. Despite numerous theoretical and empirical studies, a priori choice continues to be a controversial procedure. Both success and failure are commonly reported...

objective(s) sonodynamic therapy is a physical treatment which utilizes ultrasound waves with an appropriate sensitizer such as protoporphyrin ix (ppix). the activation of sensitizer depends on cavitation, and therefore, high intensity ultrasound is an important necessity. beside, high intensity ultrasound can induce side effects on the healthy tissues which have surrounded tumor. the particles...

results the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol with ciprofloxacin showed synergistic inhibitory effect on the p. aeruginosa biofilm formation. the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and imipenem showed synergistic inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation. furthermore, the combination of bismuth ethanedithiol, imipenem and ceftazidime did not show any synergisti...