Cognitive Architectures (CAs) are the core of artificial cognitive systems. A CA is supposed to specify the human brain at a level of abstraction suitable for explaining how it achieves the functions of the mind. Over the years a number of distinct CAs have been proposed by different authors and their limitations and potentials were investigated. These CAs are usually classified as symbolic and...

the symbolic cultural order becomes manifest through language in the case of texts and narratives and through images in the case of art. knowledge of the elements that compose the symbolic order is an essential analytical tool, above all for comparative studies of art, literature and religion. in this way, many of the symbolic references that exist in each culture can be illuminated by examples...

This article contributes to developing a management and organisation studies perspective on political organising by focusing on: (a) populism; (b) the exercise of power; (c) politics. We address two questions: in what ways have English populist politicians 20th 21st centuries utilised language along with other aspects campaign build enhance their symbolic power? And: how do organisations conver...

Decision-tree algorithms provide one of the most popular methodologies for symbolic knowledge acquisition. The resulting knowledge, a symbolic decision tree along with a simple inference mechanism, has been praised for comprehensibility. The most comprehensible decision trees have been designed for perfect symbolic data. Classical crisp decision trees (DT) are widely applied to classification t...

Similarly to other connectionist models, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) lack transparency in their decision-making. A number of sub-symbolic approaches have been developed provide insights into the GNN decision making process. These are first important steps on way explainability, but generated explanations often hard understand for users that not AI experts. To overcome this problem, we introduc...