PURPOSE To develop and test a short and reliable visual field threshold program for the early detection of glaucomatous visual field loss, by adapting the Swedish interactive test algorithm (SITA) to short-wavelength-automated-perimetry (SWAP). METHODS Computer simulations were performed to test the accuracy of several versions of SITA SWAP, and to optimize speed versus reliability. The selec...

The Even Swap method, originally outlined by Benjamin Franklin 230 years ago, is a rational way of finding the best alternative by evenly swapping decision criteria. This study develops a Decision Ball model to assist a decision maker in ranking alternatives and visualizing decision process based on the Even Swap concept. By viewing the moving trajectories of alternatives on spheres, a decision...

According to the Singapore Framework, any development of a Dublin Core Application Profile (DCAP) has to include the creation of a domain model. DC Scholarly Works Application Profile (SWAP) was the first one explicitly using Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model in creating its domain model. FRBR has recently been extended with Functional Requirements for Authority Dat...

The main idea of this paper is to introduce Tradeable Measures of Risk as an objective and model independent way of measuring risk. The present methods of risk measurement, such as the standard Value-at-Risk supported by Basel II, are based on subjective assumptions of future returns. In order to achieve an objective measurement of risk, we introduce a concept of Realized Risk which we define a...

A two-channel microarray measures the relative expression levels of thousands of genes from a pair of biological samples. In order to reliably compare gene expression levels between and within arrays, it is necessary to remove systematic errors that distort the biological signal of interest. The standard for accomplishing this is smoothing "MA-plots" to remove intensity-dependent dye bias and a...

In this paper we consider a job shop scheduling problem with blocking (zero buffer) constraints. Blocking constraints model the absence of buffers, whereas in the traditional job shop scheduling model buffers have infinite capacity. There are two known variants of this problem, namely the blocking job shop scheduling (BJSS) with swap allowed and the BJSS with no-swap. A swap is needed when ther...

The evaluation of the field water cycle under deficit irrigation plays an important role in studying mechanism of field water dynamics, optimization of agricultural water management strategies, and assessment of regional water resources. In this study, the agro-hydrological Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) model was used to evaluate the field water cycle for a winter wheat-summer corn double ...