OBJECTIVE In this investigation the thickness of enamel in the gingival, middle, and incisal thirds of the labial surface of the anterior teeth were measured regarding preparation of the teeth for porcelain laminate veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Part one, 20 extracted intact human maxillary central and lateral incisors ten of each were selected. The teeth were imbedded in autopolimerize acry...

Soil organic matter has positive consequences eht rof quality and productivityof soil and also environment, agricultural and biological sustainability and conservation ofbiodiversity and soil. Organic matter plays an important role in the physical and chemicalprocesses of soil and thus, it is of a great effect on the spectral characteristics of soil. Thisstudy was done in order to develop the m...

Two series of supported V,O,/TiO, and MoO,/TiO, catalysts were synthesized using different preparation methods to determine the possible influence of the preparation procedures upon the final molecular structures of the catalysts. It has been found by means of ambient and in situ Raman spectroscopy that all the employed preparation methods lead to the same types of surface metal oxide species o...

In general the SEM sample preparation techniques are more or less similar to the metallographic sample preparation technique for optical microscopy, because both the microscopes reveals the surface topography of sample. In SEM a focussed beam of electrons scans over the specimen surface and the electrons emitted from the sample surface controls the brightness of the CRT spot which also scans th...

 Preparation of 2-Chlorobenzonitrile, and benzonitrile are reported here from the corresponding 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde by the reaction of ammonium hydroxide/VPO titania, VPO bulk (...

carbon nanostructures are famous structures which are used in several industries such as separation, treatment, energy storage (i.e. methane and hydrogen storage), etc. a successful modeling of activated carbon preparation is very important in saving time and money. there are some attempts to achieve the appropriate theoretical modeling of activated carbon preparation but most of them were almo...

Surface preparation is widely recognized as a key step to producing robust and predictable bonds in a precise and reproducible manner. Standard surface preparation techniques, including grit blasting, manual abrasion, and peel ply, can lack precision and reproducibility, which can lead to variation in surface properties and subsequent bonding performance. The use of a laser to ablate composite ...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate external root surface temperature rise during post space preparation using la axxess bur, beefill pack system, and peeso reamer drill. materials & methods: the distal canals of forty-five extracted human permanent mandibular first molars were instrumented in crown-apical manner and obturated with lateral condensation technique. teeth were ...