A technique that uses elastic waves to detect buried mines is being investigated. In the technique, an elastic wave is launched into the earth. It propagates and interacts with a buried mine causing displacements of both the mine and the surrounding soil. Because of the interactions of the wave with the mine, the soil surface displacements near the mine are quite different from those far from i...

Studies show that soldiers’ mine detection capabilities with the PSS-12 hand-held metal detector are substandard and that their probabilities of detecting (PD) low-metal mines are dangerously low. Highly experienced PSS-12 operators, however, achieve PDs over 0.90 on highand low-metal anti-tank (AT) and anti-personnel (AP) mines. Significantly, experts’ detection techniques differ from conventi...

Landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW), which include unexploded ordnance (UXO) and abandoned explosive ordnance, represent a major threat to civilian. This demands that all the mines and ERW affecting the places where ordinary people live must be cleared, and safety of people in areas that have been cleared must be guaranteed. UXO is explosive ordnance that has been primed, fuzzed, arme...

The impact of discharges from abandoned metal and ironstone mines has been a much studied form of aquatic pollution in recent decades. Few attempts however, have been made to accurately determine the overall contaminant mass flux arising from abandoned mine sites at scales above catchment level. Such assessments are critical to determine the significance of former mining to national, regional a...

A mine is basically a weapon that can't move and can only attack a target by blowing itself up, a rather primitive approach to warfare. Being required neither to move nor to project power at a distance, mines are relatively cheap; a mine may cost thousands of dollars while a missile or torpedo of equivalent destructive power would cost hundreds of thousands. Being cheap and available on the int...

That is the daily challenge for the operators of the giant dump trucks used in surface mines. As a result, each year, an average of 20 accidents and three fatalities occur involving collisions between a piece of surface mining haulage equipment and either a smaller vehicle, a worker, or some other object. Another 21 accidents occur and three mining equipment operators are killed each year when ...

in this study a sample of bentonite obtained from semnan mines, was modified by a surfactant to prepare an organoclay with high surface area. bet analysis showed that the modification increased its surface significantly. the prepared sorbent was used for removal of dyes and other organic pollutants from a waste water obtained from ekbatan textile company. adsorption was studied in various times...