background: natural background radiation of a particular region is one of the distinctive factors defining the status of environment. eloor island is an industrial area in ernakulum district of the state of kerala, india. the indoor and outdoor gamma level measurements have been carried out for the region for evaluating the annual effective dose to the population residing in this area. material...

background: the study of rheological properties of blood has special interest since it is a circulating fluid exposed to shear rates during its life time. this work aims to investigate the influence of whole body gamma irradiation on the rheological properties of rat’s blood. the applied shear rate was from 12 to 375 s-1. low shear viscosity (up to 100 s-1) depends mainly on the erythrocytes ag...

introduction the use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (pdd) curves. these changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3d) can be measured by gel dosimeters. materials and methods dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). the energies were 4, 9, and 16 mev and phantom w...

Some of the problems in extrapolating laboratory animal toxicity data to man are considered. The quantitative predictiveness of preclinical studies of anticancer drugs using dogs and monkeys for man has also been examined. The relationship between the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in the dog, monkey, and the more sensitive of the two species and clinical observations are discussed. The effective...

This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of using the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) in measuring surface dose during radiotherapy. The water equivalent depth (WED) of the OSLD was first determined by comparing the surface dose measured using the OSLD with the percentage depth dose at the buildup region measured using a Markus ionization chamber. Surface dos...