peripheral lymph nodes, located deep in the subcutaneous tissue, clean antigens from the extracellular fluid. generally, a normal sized lymph node is less than one cm in diameter. peripheral lymphadenopathy (lap) is frequently due to a local or systemic, benign, self-limited, infectious disease. however, it could be a manifestation of underlying malignancy. seventy-five percent of all laps are ...

A 47-year-old man was referred for assessment of bilateral lymph node enlargement identified on a routine chest radiograph. Positron emission tomography showed high standardized uptake values (SUVmax: 20.5) in right supraclavicular, right intercostal, and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes. Biopsy samples obtained from the right upper and left lower paratracheal nodes by mediastinoscopy revealed ...

A 76-year-old man presented with a two-month history of angina pectoris. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a serial enlargement of the supraclavicular and mediastinal lymph nodes compressing the heart, pulmonary artery and aorta. CT angiography (CTA) showed stenosis of the coronary arteries as a result of compression by the enlarged lymph nodes. First-pass contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic res...

background: breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading global cause of cancer death among women worldwide. radiotherapy plays a significant role in treatment of breast cancer and reduces locoregional recurrence and eventually improves survival. the treatment fields applied for breast cancer treatment include: tangential, axillary, supraclavicular and internal mammary ...

BACKGROUND The treatment of lymph nodes engaged in breast cancer with radiotherapy leads to improved locoregional control and enhanced survival rates in patients after surgery. The aim of this study was to compare two treatment techniques, namely single anterior posterior (AP) supraclavicular field with plan depth and two anterior and posterior opposed (AP/PA) supraclavicular fields. In the stu...

Diagnosis In patients aged over 50 years, breast cancer must be differentiated from various forms of senile breast hypertrophy that may be associated with concomitant conditions or, more often, pharmacological treatments that interfere with hormonal metabolism. As in women, careful physical examination of the breast and the regional (axillary and supraclavicular) lymph nodes is essential in men...

introduction: size of axillary lymph nodes can be a predictor for breast abnormalities. the agents in the antiperspirants such as aluminum were observed in the breast biopsy of individual with abnormalities and antiperspirants usage. in this study, the relation between using antiperspirants and the size of axillary lymph nodes were evaluated in iranian women. methods: in this study, 120 women w...

BACKGROUND The aim of the present work was to analyse the impact of mild hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) of infra-supraclavicular lymph nodes after axillary dissection on late toxicity. METHODS From 2007 to 2012, 100 females affected by breast cancer (pT1- T4, pN1-3, pMx) were treated with conservative surgery, Axillary Node Dissection (AND) and loco-regional radiotherapy (whole breast plu...