The functional terminology in the foot is very misleading, because the same terms are often used for very different things. The following definitions and explanations are used here: • Plantiflexion–dorsiflexion indicate movement at the ankle. Plantiflexion is movement downwards towards the ground, and dorsiflexion upwards towards the tibia. There is also a plantiflexion–dorsiflexion movement at...

Purpose Nerve transfers to restore elbow flexion have been described for traumatic brachial plexus palsy in adults. Indications are less frequent in infants and the results are less published. Methods Ten patients with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy were operated on for lack of flexion against gravity with ulnar or median nerve transfer to biceps motor branch. The primary endpoint was impr...

The purpose of this work was to register the electromyography data of the muscles brachialis, biceps brachii long portion, biceps brachii short portion and brachioradialis in the movements of elbow flexion, in the "Larry Scott" bench, in supination and pronation positions, in weightlifting trained subjects. Ten male right-handed subjects were selected, with at least one-year experience in weigh...

Background Patients who have suffered obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) have a high incidence of musculoskeletal complications stemming from the initial nerve injury. The presence of muscle imbalances and contractures leads to typical bony changes affecting the shoulder, known collectively as the SHEAR (Scapular Hypoplasia, Elevation and Rotation) deformity. The SHEAR deformity commonly o...

We report the results of performing a pronating osteotomy of the radius, coupled with other soft-tissue procedures, as part of an upper limb functional surgery programme in tetraplegic patients with supination contractures. In total 12 patients were reviewed with a mean follow-up period of 60 months (12 to 109). Pre-operatively, passive movement ranged from a mean of 19.2 degrees pronation (-70...

Radioulnar synostosis is a rare pathological fusion of the tow forearm bones, when seen in pediatric must differentiate between congenital Synostosis versus post traumatic synostosis, radioulnar uncommon especially if it was closed fracture and treated conservatively. We describe 5 year old girl who presented with 1 following radial head subluxation, full pronation limitation supination compens...