Primary hyperalgesia is characterized by increased responsiveness to both heat and mechanical stimulation in the area of injury. By contrast, secondary hyperalgesia is generally associated with increased responses to mechanical but not heat stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that sensitization in secondary hyperalgesia is dependent on the class of peripheral nociceptor (C- or A-nociceptor) rathe...

The experiments show that intrabronchial insufflation of a culture of virulent pneumococcus killed by heat and still containing stainable organisms produces an inextensive, mild, patchy, superficial inflammation of the lung tissue bearing no similarity to the lesions produced by the living pneumococcus, and that insufflation of sterile bouillon causes a pronounced congestion of the lung tissue ...

BACKGROUND Superficial thrombophlebitis can produce pain and result in a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) if not treated. Conservative therapies including prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and heat have been standard care. Recently, studies have been published reporting efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis. H...

superficial siderosis (ss) is a rare disease which affects people in all ages and both sexes, but three times more in men. pathological etiology is deposition of hemosiderin (a product of the breakdown of blood) in leptomeninges, subpial layer, ependymal surface and other parts of central nervous system (cns) and typically leads to neurological dysfunction and progressive irreversible signs and...

Patients with late-stage cancer commonly have distant lymph node metastasis; however, poor health often contraindicates surgical treatment. Although the quality of life and overall survival for these patients are low, there is neither a consensus nor a guide for treatment. Ablation technique and surrounding tissue damage are two possible reasons for limited study of radiofrequency ablation in p...

By examining rapid changes in the volume and temperature during excitation of a large number of excitable cells and tissues, we have shown that the excitation process is invariably accompanied by swelling and heat production in the superficial protoplasmic layer. By comparing the behavior of a model system (synthetic anionic gels containing both Caand Na­ ions) with that of nerve fibers under c...

Microfocused ultrasound is a unique technology to treat skin laxity of the brow, lower face, and the rhytides of the décolletage. Over the past several years, the efficacy and safety of this device has been well documented and its adoption widespread. By delivering focused acoustic energy, which is converted to heat, this device creates predictable and reproducible microcoagulative zones that i...

the superficial strata of ground have been perennially exposed to the action of natural agents such as heat, cold and water. however, grazing agent was not different from them when soils were investigated from temperate rangelands of kashmir and caused the soil compaction, soil structure degradation and loss of soil organic c and c/n ratio. soils from three grazing intensities were investigated...

BACKGROUND CO2 lasers have been used for several decades as an experimental non-touching pain stimulator. The laser energy is absorbed by the water content in the most superficial layers of the skin. The deeper located nociceptors are activated by passive conduction of heat from superficial to deeper skin layers. METHODS In the current study, a 2D axial finite element model was developed and ...