We study the problem of intergenerational equity for utility streams and a countable set of agents. A numerical social welfare function is invariant to ordinal transformation, satis…es a weak monotonicity condition, and an invariance with respect to concatenation of utility streams if and only if it is either the sup, inf, lim sup, or lim inf.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are commonly prescribed for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients. Several studies have suggested that the use of PPIs is a potential risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We compared the incidences of CDI in the PPI group and H2RA group for SUP in critically ill patie...

A photoreceiver (PR) is required for the opto-electrical conversion of signals in intersatellite laser interferometers. Noise sources that originate or couple in the PR reduce the system carrier-to-noise-density, which is often represented by its phase noise density. In this work, we analyze the common noise sources in a PR used for space-based interferometry. Additionally, we present the resul...

Our previous studies showed that early, stage I preneoplastic cells (sup+ I) are highly susceptible to apoptosis, whereas the later, stage II preneoplastic cells (sup- II) are relatively resistant. To examine possible mechanisms that might explain these differences in the regulation of apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis was analyzed and comparisons were made between these two Syrian hamster embryo cel...

AIM To describe the relationship between the parenchymal pressure changes and the development of hydrocephalus in kaolininjected neonatal rats according to cerebral regions and time intervals of developing hydrocephalus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Neonatal rats aged 2 to 3 days were examined in 5 groups as kaolin frontal "K-F", kaolin parietal "KP", saline frontal "SF-F", saline parietal "SF-P" and...

A cavity ring-down spectrometer is built for trace gas detection using telecom distributed feedback (DFB) diode lasers. The longitudinal modes of the ring-down cavity are used as frequency markers without active-locking either the laser or the high-finesse cavity. A control scheme is applied to scan the DFB laser frequency, matching the cavity modes one by one in sequence and resulting in a cor...

Electrically pumped lasing from Germanium-on-Silicon pnn heterojunction diode structures is demonstrated. Room temperature multimode laser with 1mW output power is measured. Phosphorous doping in Germanium at a concentration over 4x1019cm-3 is achieved. A Germanium gain spectrum of nearly 200nm is observed.

More than 30 independent suppressor mutations have been obtained in the nematode C. elegans through reversion analysis of two unc-13 mutants. Many of the new isolates map to the region of the previously identified informational suppressor, sup-5 III (WATERSTON and BRENNER 1978). Several of the other suppressor mutations map to the left half of the X-linkage group and define a second suppressor ...

We present calibrated measurements of single-photon Thomson scattering from free electrons driven by a laser with intensity 1018  W/cm2. The measurements demonstrate that individual electrons radiate with the strength of point emitters, even when their wave packets spread to the scale of the driving-laser wavelength. The result agrees with predictions of quantum electrodyn...

It was investigated to what degree left atrial distension augments the hypotensive effects of a 15-min moderate antiorthostatic maneuver in humans. Ten healthy males underwent a posture change from upright seated (Seat, legs horizontal) to supine (Sup) or to supine with simultaneous lower body negative pressure (Sup + LBNP) to keep left atrial diameter (LAD) unchanged. After 2.5 min of Sup, mea...