Today the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is one of defining factors in Middle East political arena. The Islamic world's division into Shiite Sunni often considered a factor affecting bilateral relations Tehran Riyadh. positions itself as center gravity for all Shiites region, while seeks to form an anti-Iranian alliance on basis. This article assesses impact doctrinal tensions these two ...

This study aims to explain Sufi education in Het Boek Van Bonang using a philosophy of approach. The three major questions this are: the nature text; how Sufism appears Sunan Bonang's and value it contains. shows that text discusses education, which is form criticism developing teachings. teaching accordance with Imam Ghazali's namely sunni (khuluqi amali); criticizes concept wahdatul wujud phi...

Even when American decision-makers were denying it, ordinary Iraqis in the neighborhoods of Baghdad fearfully anticipated the dangerous consequences of the U.S.-led invasion. We use two unique Iraq datasets to analyze the self-fulfilling neighborhood specific forces set loose following the U.S.-led invasion. Sectarian criminal violence by Shia militia disproportionately forced Sunni residents f...

The transformation of the movement in new order period resulted diverse variants and contestations various lines national state life. These entities take on different roles several scopes such as political, social, cultural organizations many other focuses field education. This research uses a qualitative approach carried out Mataram City, Indonesia. results study illustrate that City locomotiv...