The electrowinning of copper ions derived from leaching, or solvent extraction is a significant contributor to the global copper commodity supply. The process of electrolysis for copper was first developed in the late 19th century and despite numerous advancements in technology the principles and basic equipment remain the same. The first part of this paper deals with the theoretical requiremen...

post-mineralization activities may cause difficulties in the process of ore modeling in porphyry deposits. sungun, nw iran, is one of the porphyry copper deposits, in which dyke intrusions have made ore modeling more complicated than expected. among different kinds of dykes, two types were chosen and the consequent geostatistical analyses were applied on. in this study, simple directional vario...

Impact of redox active transition metals on activation of cell death signaling in plant cells have been documented to date. We have recently reported that GC-rich DNA oligomers with high affinity for binding of copper and catalytic activity for removal of ROS as novel plant cell-protecting agents. Here, we show that similar DNA oligomers protect the mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells from cop...

Problems were experienced at Triangle's fuel ethanol plant with extended and incomplete fermentations. Direct lactic acid residual sugars and heavy metal analyses were done on plant samples to isolate the cause of the sub-optimal fermentations. Laboratory fermentation experiments were done using Triangle yeast and nutrients. Tests were done at various pHs and temperatures to ascertain levels of...

Cadmium toxicity interferes with essential metal homeostasis, which is a problem for both plant nutrition and the consumption of healthy food by humans. Copper uptake is performed by the members of the Arabidopsis high affinity copper transporter (COPT) family. One of the members, COPT5, is involved in copper recycling from the vacuole toward the cytosolic compartment. We show herein that copt5...

The Arabidopsis thaliana copper chaperone (CCH) is a small copper binding protein involved in copper trafficking. When compared to homologues from other eukaryotes, CCH has two different domains; the conserved N-domain and the plant-exclusive C-domain, a C-terminal extension with an unusual amino-acid composition. In order to characterize this extra C-domain, the CCH protein, the N-domain and t...

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur, gypsum and chelating agent (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) on copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, chromium and lead uptake by Brassica juncea from sewage sludge. Addition of sulphur acidified the sludge, which caused the pH decrease to 5.4 with an initial pH 6.7. The shoot and root biomass were increased with sulfur a...

Cutoff grade is a grade used to assign a destination label to a parcel of material. The optimal cutoff grades depend on all the salient technological features of mining, such as the capacity of extraction and of milling, the geometry and geology of the orebody, and the optimal grade of concentrate to send to the smelter. The main objective of each optimization of mining operation is to maximize...