Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is highly resistant to different oxidative stresses. How reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as sulfite regulate gene expression and the role of the transcription factor Zcf2 and the sulfite exporter Ssu1 in such responses are not known. Here, we show that C. albicans specifically adapts to sulfite stress and that Zcf2 is required for tha...

The green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum is proposed to oxidize sulfide and elemental sulfur via sulfite as an obligate intermediate. The sulfite pool is predicted to be contained in the cytoplasm and be oxidized by the concerted action of ApsBA, which directly oxidizes sulfite, and QmoABC, which transfers electrons from ApsBA to the quinone pool. Like other green sulfur bacteria, C. te...

Exposure to sulfite, a well-known air pollutant, induces inflammatory reactions characterized by neutrophil infiltration into the airways. Using a simple and sensitive assay for sulfite concentration in biological fluids, we demonstrate herein that human neutrophils released significant amounts of sulfite (1.0 nmol/h/10(7) cells) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of bac...

The growth of Candida albicans in RPMI1640 medium was inhibited by sodium sulfite between pH 3-6. Under the condition of pH 7, growth of C. albicans was not inhibited by sodium sulfite. Under an acidic pH condition, sodium sulfite had a candidacidal effect and the activity was expressed within 150 min. The concentration of ATP in C. albicans was decreased by sodium sulfite. Ethanol production b...

A multiphase chemistry model coupled with a quasi-spectral microphysical model has been applied to measurements from the European CIME campaign to quantify the formation of the strong acids nitrate and sulfate, and to evaluate the role of microphysical processes in redistributing reactive species among the different phases (gas versus cloud and/or rain). Significant formation of nitrate and sul...

• The authors have no financial conflicts of interest. which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The sulfites are widely used as anti-browning agents and preservatives in food, cosmetics and medicine. The use and amount of sulfites in products have recently been regulated by the Food and Drug Admini...

Exposure of Neuro-2a and PC12 cells to micromolar concentrations of sulfite caused an increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in ATP. Likewise, the biosynthesis of ATP in intact rat brain mitochondria from the oxidation of glutamate was inhibited by micromolar sulfite. Glutamate-driven respiration increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and this was abolished by sulfite...

The free-radical chemistry of sulfite oxidation is reviewed. Chemical transformations of organic and biological molecules induced by sulfite oxidation are summarized. The kinetics of the free-radical oxidations of sulfite are discussed, as are the kinetics of the reactions of the sulfite-derived radicals SO3 and the peroxy derivative SO5 with organic compounds.

Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium that lack the biosynthetic sulfite reductase (cysI and cysJ mutants) retain the ability to reduce sulfite for growth under anaerobic conditions (E. L. Barrett and G. W. Chang, J. Gen. Microbiol., 115:513-516, 1979). Here we report studies of sulfite reduction by a cysI mutant of S. typhimurium and purification of the associated anaerobic sulfite reductase. Sulf...