Fouling is a common, fundamental and costly problem in heat transfer systems, which reduces thermal efficiency of equipment, increases the energy loss and causes strong damage to the heat transfer equipment in various industries. The main causes of fouling on the heat transfer surfaces are salts with inverse temperature-solubility in the fluid which calcium sulfate is one of the most important ...

A panel of four separate monoclonal antibodies, all known to specifically recognize epitopes on keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, were employed in an immunocytochemical study of developing chick hind limbs. In addition, two monoclonal antibodies specific for epitopes on chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans were employed on equivalent sections to determine the degree of colocalizati...

Simple and efficient methods for concentrating Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus and chikungunya (CHIK) virus are described. Ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, or alcohol was used as a precipitating agent and the precipitate was resuspended to volumes suitable for further processing and purification. The methods permitted concentration of live RVF virus and CHIK virus about 100-fold with negligib...

The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms responsible for intestinal disposition of apigenin in the human Caco-2 cell culture model. The results indicated that most of the absorbed apigenin (10 microM) were conjugated and only a small fraction was transported intact. The amounts of conjugates excreted, especially that of the sulfate, were dependent on days-post-seeding. Apical e...

in order to evaluate the effect of humic acid and zn on the grape yield and mineral concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. the study was done on 20 years old grapevines in the farsan region from chaharmahal and bakhtiari province in 2013-2014. each of the factors, humic acid and zinc sulfate, were applied in three...

INTRODUCTION The distribution, concentration and function of glycosaminoglycans in the various vocal fold tissues are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the distribution and concentration of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in different layers of the human vocal fold according to gender and age. METHODS We used 11 vocal folds obtained from cadavers (7 men and 4 women) with no laryngeal lesion,...

background and objectives: in the original in vitro method for evaluation of iron bioavailability using caco-2 cell model, ferritin formation by cells is considered as a functional indicator of both absorption and utilization of iron. however, as iron is measured in the tested material and then ferritin concentration is measured in caco-2 cell lysate, it is almost impossible to have a concrete ...

Two agro-based anionic surfactants containing an isosorbide moiety have been synthesized and their amphiphilic properties evaluated. Since isosorbide is now considered as an important platform chemical of the starch industry, these compounds could represent bio-sourced alternatives to the alkyl ether sulfates (notably lauryl ether sulfate, LES) that are based on petroleum-derived ethylene oxide...

The chemical stability of an intrathecally administered analgesic combination may influence the frequency of pump refills necessary to maintain safe and effective analgesia. Previous work has shown that the stability of ziconotide at body temperature is reduced substantially by the presence of morphine sulfate 35 mg/mL. The current study was performed to evaluate the chemical stability of admix...

Bile acid sulfation was studied in primary hepatocyte cultures. The primary hepatocyte cultures formed glycolithocholate-3-sulfate (GLC-S) when glycolithocholate (GLC) was added to the medium. The relative percentage of GLC-S formation increased when the GLC concentration was increased from 10 microM to 100 microM. GLC-S formation was linear to 60 min. GLC-S secretion into the medium was detect...