Blood transfusion centers are under considerable pressure to produce platelet concentrates with a shelf life limit of 3 to 5 days. Many approaches have been investigated experimentally to produce new hemostatically active platelet products that are capable of long term storage. In this article infusible platelet membrane will be explained as a platelet substitute versus conventional liquid-stor...

In this paper we study how trade liberalization affects the location and product scope of firms. We find that largest most productive multi-product firms concentrate to larger market as a result liberalization. presence relocation costs, also these will expand their in while smaller contract or it degree. The adjustment firms’ can therefore be substitute for firm relocation, cost introducing ne...

in this study, considering the normal ingredients in guinea pig's milk, by using cow milk, mixture of vitamins and minerals, a milk substitute was prepared and sterilized by autoclaving and filtration methods. in food analysis of produced milk, the important substances values, such as protein, fat and ash, were suitable. milk substitute was fed to four groups of newborn's guinea pigs that we...

This paper analyzes whether it might be desir~ble for a firm to hire an overoptimistic manager to commit to a certain R&D strategy. I consider a Cournot model with an ex-ante R&D stage where firms can invest in cost reduction before product market competition takes place. I show that firms want to hire overoptimistic managers and argue that a manager's type may serve as a substitute for strateg...