Subsidy is a tool used by governments as a form of financial aid to support specific economic sectors. Today subsidy is common in several countries, such as Iran due to different political and economic reasons. This study has examined the effects of changing agricultural subsidies on production and exports. For this purpose, a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) for the year 2011 was use...

To prevent further increases in energy consumption, the government of Iran commenced energy subsidy reform in 2010. This paper investigates the fuel conservation effects of the reform in Iran using a homothetic translog cost function that provides estimates of the own- and cross-price elasticities of fuel demands. The percentage reduction in fuel demands is estimated using the likely effect of ...

The extant literature on fat taxes and thin subsidies tends to focus on the overall e ectiveness of such scal instruments in altering diets and improving health. However, little is known about the welfare impacts of scal food policies on society. This paper lls a gap in the literature by assessing the distributional impacts and welfare e ects resulting from a tax-subsidy combination on di erent...

We address the valuation of an operating wind farm and the …nite-lived option to invest in it under di¤erent reward/support schemes. They range from a feed-in tari¤ to a premium on top of electricity market price, to a transitory subsidy. Availability of futures contracts on electricity with ever longer maturities allows to undertake market-based valuations. The model considers up to three sour...

The extant literature on fat taxes and thin subsidies tends to focus on the overall e ectiveness of such scal instruments in altering diets and improving health. However, little is known about the welfare impacts of scal food policies on society. This paper lls a gap in the literature by assessing the distributional impacts and welfare e ects resulting from a tax-subsidy combination on di erent...

The global subsidy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) was first proposed in 2004. Since then, several countries around the world have hosted pilot projects or programmes on subsidized ACTs and/or the Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria programme (AMFm). Overall the global subsidy of ACTs has been effective in increasing availability of ACTs in the private sector, but it has fai...

The idea of a private sector subsidy programme of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) was first proposed in 2004. Since then, several countries around the world have hosted pilot projects or programmes on subsidized ACTs and/or the Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria programme (AMFm). Overall the private sector subsidy programmes of ACTs have been effective in increasing availabili...

Light-duty truck classification allows manufacturers and owners to avoid a host of passenger-car regulations, including gas-guzzler taxes, safety standards, and more stringent emissions and fueleconomy standards. This paper describes the distinct policies that govern light duty trucks and passenger cars, evaluates the emissions, safety, and fuel economy differences that have resulted, and inves...

Merchant fees and reward programs generate an implicit monetary transfer from “cash” users to credit card users because merchants generally do not set differential prices for card users to recoup the costs of merchant fees. On average, each cash-using household transfers $50 to households that use credit cards, and each credit card using household receives a subsidy of $240 every year. Among ca...