BACKGROUND Pre-exercise sports drinks (PRX) are commonly used as ergogenic aids in athletic competitions requiring aerobic power. However, in most cases, claims regarding their effectiveness have not been substantiated. In addition, the ingredients in PRX products must be deemed acceptable by the athletic governing bodies that regulate their use in training and competition. The purpose of this ...

We aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on pain perception, sensitivity, and health-related quality of life; to assess its effect on parasympathetic tonus by analysis of heart rate recovery; and to examine the effects of parasympathetic tone on pain sensitivity in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Fifty patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain were randomized into tw...

BACKGROUND Physiological aging leads to cardiac autonomic dysfunction, which is associated with the onset and worsening of cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of death. Currently, physical exercise is considered a cardioprotective strategy and more research is needed on its benefit on cardiac autonomic function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the autonomic control of heart rate in healthy you...

OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether a relatively low single dose or a week-long dosage of dietary inorganic nitrate could improve exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). BACKGROUND Exercise intolerance is the primary manifestation of HFpEF and is largely due to noncardiac factors that reduce oxygen delivery to active skeletal m...

This paper reviews the roles of hot skin (>35°C) and body water deficits (>2% body mass; hypohydration) in impairing submaximal aerobic performance. Hot skin is associated with high skin blood flow requirements and hypohydration is associated with reduced cardiac filling, both of which act to reduce aerobic reserve. In euhydrated subjects, hot skin alone (with a modest core temperature elevatio...

A review was conducted of studies that assessed the effects of acute bouts of physical activity on adults' cognitive performance. Three groups of studies were constituted on the basis of the type of exercise protocol employed. Each group was then evaluated in terms of information-processing theory. It was concluded that submaximal aerobic exercise performed for periods up to 60 min facilitate s...

Physical exercise mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to peripheral blood. However, this effect seems to depend on exercise characteristics, such as duration and intensity. The aim of this systematic review was to verify the impact of a single bout of aerobic exercise on the mobilization of EPCs in healthy individuals, and the potential mechanisms involved. The bibliographic search wa...

rest and at four levels of submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer, cardiac output (Q), using the direct Fick principle, heart rate (HR), mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference (A-V 02 D) were evaluated in relation to relative aerobic requirement (% V0,11J). Q was highly correlated with V02, and both the level and the rate of change of Q w...