except for personal clitics in past transitive forms, sorani kurdish has threeverbal prefixes; n?- for negation, be- for subjunctive, and (d)?- for imperfective. thisarticle starts with bringing forth the question of why subjunctive marker in this languagecannot appear with verbal negative or aspect prefixes while there is no problem with the co-occurence of negative and aspect prefixes.after p...

In this paper, we consider mood selection in embedded clauses by focusing on a German-based minority language, Cimbrian, which is spoken northern Italian enclave. Mood Cimbrian relies the presence of two different complementizers, az and ke (the latter being borrowed from Romance varieties), each selectively require specific mood. Az selects subjunctive modal sentences introduced non-factive ve...

This paper proposes that subjunctive in the complement of belief sentences Italian expresses a relation between attitude holder’s beliefs and common ground. In contrast to most other Romance languages, ‘believe’ commonly prescriptively takes Italian, though indicative is found as well, has been observed literature, choice or semantic effects. We show with used when statement describes personal ...

It has proven difficult to provide a unified semantics for the French subjunctive (the difficulty applies more generally to Romance, but we concentrate on French). In this preliminary note, we suggest that this is because the French subjunctive is a semantic default, to be used just in case the indicative would have triggered a presupposition failure (a similar idea was explored for Italian by ...

The main claim of this paper is that a general theory of what has been called ‘‘expletive’’ negation in subordinate clauses should allow for the possibility of it occurring without being licensed by negative predicates, and more crucially that, contrary to the traditional term ‘‘expletive’’, this type of negation is not semantically void. Thus I propose to term this type of negation Evaluative ...

1 Mandative constructions: Delimiting the object of the study Mandative constructions express that a certain action (should) be performed or a certain state be achieved. In terms of illocutionary acts, they are directives. They can be independent or dependent. The verbal syntagm of independent mandative constructions is either in the imperative or in the subjunctive mood (e.g. close the window,...

David Chalmers’ conceivability argument against physicalism relies on the entailment from a priori conceivability to metaphysical possibility. The a posteriori physicalist rejects this premise, but is consequently committed to psychophysical strong necessities. These don’t fit into the Kripkean model of the necessary a posteriori, and they are therefore, according to Chalmers, problematic. But ...

In this paper I explore the structure of Russian subjunctive and indicative clauses, and demonstrate the asymmetries between them. The first asymmetry is the phenomenon of subject obviation, i.e. ban on coreference between the pronominal subject of the embedded subjunctive clause and the subject of the matrix clause. The second asymmetry is the fact that the long-distance scrambling of subjects...