OBJECTIVES To compare the event-related potentials (ERPs) and brain topographic maps characteristic and change in normal controls and subjective tinnitus patients before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS The ERPs and brain topographic maps elicited by target stimulus were compared before and after 1-week treatment with rTMS in 20...

Background: Though clinical guidelines for assessment and treatment of chronic subjective tinnitus do exist, a comprehensive review of those guidelines has not been performed. The objective of this review was to identify current clinical guidelines, and compare their recommendations for the assessment and treatment of subjective tinnitus in adults. Method: We systematically searched a range of ...

Chronic subjective tinnitus is a prevalent symptom, not a disease in adults. Epidemiologic studies of general populations have estimated tinnitus prevalence at 10-15% of the adult population. Approximately 1-2% are severely affected and 0.5% are unable to lead a normal life [1-3]. Briefly, one in ten adults has clinically significant subjective tinnitus and one in hundred is severely affected. ...

The efficiency of two treatment modalities for subjective/idiopathic tinnitus (SIT): biofeedback (BF) and amitriptyline hydrochloride (AT) was investigated in 225 randomly selected subjects. Findings show that after 10 weeks of treatment in the BF group, 43.5% of the patients reported an improvement of tinnitus during activity. In the AT group, 27.5% of patients reported subjective improvement ...

Tinnitus is a common clinical syndrome with rare radiologic findings . This human malady may exist in two forms, namely objective or subjective. Objective tinnitus is a real sound produced outside the inner ear, which is heard by the patient and also by the examining physician. Subjective tinnitus is heard only by the patient and involves the neural mechanisms of the ear or auditory pathways. T...

Introduction  Tinnitus is a perception of sound in the absence of an external source and it is a distressing issue. Yoga is a system of mind-body practices with the goal of uniting the body, mind and soul. It has been shown to reduce anxiety and stress, as well as improving the quality of life. Objective  The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of yoga in patients suffering from chr...

OBJECTIVE Tinnitus is considered to be highly heterogeneous with respect to its etiology, its comorbidities and the response to specific interventions. Subtyping is recommended, but it remains to be determined which criteria are useful, since it has not yet been clearly demonstrated whether and to which extent etiologic factors, comorbid states and interventional response are related to each ot...

Tinnitus can be defined as a Sound Sensation perceived in the ears or head that is not related to an external source of stimuli. The term tinnitus derives from the Latin word tinnier, Meaning to Ring. Tinnitus is classified in many cases into 2 categories. Tinnitus is either objective (Audible to anyone in addition to the affected individual) or subjective (Audible only to the affected individu...

Habituation is classically defined as the process of adapting to a stimulus through repeated exposure. When tinnitus habituation occurs, either the perception of the tinnitus, or the reaction to the tinnitus, is greatly, if not fully, diminished.2 In this article, habituation will be regarded as substantial and meaningful lessening of the negative reaction to the tinnitus as defined by clinical...

DESCRIPTION A variety of non-pharmacologic treatments are being evaluated to improve the subjective symptoms of tinnitus. These approaches include use of tinnitus maskers, electrical stimulation, transmeatal laser irradiation, electromagnetic energy, tinnitus-retraining therapy, cognitive and behavioral therapies, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, sound t...