Introduction Parasitic helminth infections, including lymphatic filariasis (LF), schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted helminthiasis (STH), are prevalent and often co-exist among poor populations in the developing world. Schistosomiasis and STH have particularly high prevalence among school-aged children, and LF is also more prevalent in this population than previously thought. Ivermectin (IVM) a...

BACKGROUND Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and Schistosoma mansoni infections are the major neglected tropical diseases that result in serious consequences on health, education and nutrition in children in developing countries. The Ethiopian Orthodox church students, who are called Yekolotemari in Amharic, live in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. Moreover, they are not included in the n...

Summary High-temperature electrolysis for reducing H2O (and CO2) to H2 CO) converts concentrated solar energy into fuels and chemical feedstock. We invented an integrated reactor concept comprising a cavity receiver reactant heating, solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) stack water electrolysis, photovoltaic (PV) cells the SOE stack's electricity demand. A nu...

The tropics contain far greater numbers of species than temperate regions, suggesting that rates of species formation might differ systematically between tropical and non-tropical areas. We tested this hypothesis by reconstructing the history of speciation in New World (NW) land birds using BAMM, a Bayesian framework for modelling complex evolutionary dynamics on phylogenetic trees. We estimate...

Our meta-analysis of 126 nitrogen addition experiments evaluated nitrogen (N) limitation of net primary production (NPP) in terrestrial ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that N limitation is widespread among biomes and influenced by geography and climate. We used the response ratio (R approximately equal ANPP(N)/ANPP(ctrl)) of aboveground plant growth in fertilized to control plots and found...

the plankton and semi-plankton samples examined from mizoram state of northeast india (nei) revealed speciose and diverse rotifera assemblage including a total richness (s) of 162 species belonging to 19 families and 35 genera. the reports of six species new to india, four species new to nei and 76 new records to mizoram merit biodiversity interest. the occurrence of one australasian, one orien...

Identifying leads and lags between high- and low-latitude abrupt climate shifts is needed to understand where and how such events were triggered. Vascular plant biomarkers preserved in Cariaco basin sediments reveal rapid vegetation changes in northern South America during the last deglaciation, 15,000 to 10,000 years ago. Comparing the biomarker records to climate proxies from the same sedimen...

Clines in life history traits, presumably driven by spatially varying selection, are widespread. Major latitudinal clines have been observed, for example, in Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally tropical insect from Africa that has colonized temperate habitats on multiple continents. Yet, how geographic factors other than latitude, such as altitude or longitude, affect life history in this s...

[1] We have made daily global maps that cover both polar and equatorial regions of Mars for Ls 135 –360 and 0 –111 using the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) red and blue wide-angle swaths taken from May 1999 to January 2001. We study the seasonal distribution of condensate clouds and dust clouds during roughly 1 Martian year using these daily global maps. We present the dev...

malaria is a major problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries, with high morbidity and mortality. splenectomy makes patients more susceptible to serious bacterial and parasitic infections. we report for the first time in iran a fatal case of plasmodium vivax malaria, confirmed by microscopic and molecu­lar (semi-nested multiplex pcr) tests in a patient who had undergone splenectomy due to h...