abstract i the purpose of this study was to launch a thorough investigation concerning the possibility of differing orientations to the writing proficiency construct by native and non-native english speaking teacher raters. it mainly revolved around the international english language testing system (ielts) that is widely administered and employed as a measure of general proficiency in englis...

Given the high status of sport in society and the knowledge that sports organizations are administrator of sports, it is expected that ethics and ethical management are emphasized in these organizations. The purpose of this study was to identify and explain the factors influencing the implementation of ethical management of sport in Iran based on grounded theory approach and develop a model. Th...

the present study sought to investigate the impact of using mind-mapping technique instruction on female elementary efl learners reading comprehension; it also investigated their attitudes towards using mind-mapping technique as a tool to improve their reading comprehension. this study followed a quasi-experimental design with two intact groups as experimental, and control groups. the participa...

privatization can be regarded as public participation in all economic levels of the country and indirect supervision of the state in the works. present study is the study of challenges and opportunities for the deregulation of the club of independence and Persepolis. qualitative research method and ranking of components are quantitative methods. semi - structured interview method was used to co...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...

language learning courseware has been receiving growing attention by english educators since its advent. a variety of softwares have been designed by software designers and resorted to by language educators to supplement language textbooks. this experimental study investigated how the application of computerized version of language textbooks and the reception of the entire course through comput...