background: central renin angiotensin system has an important role on the cerebral microcirculation and metabolism. our previous work showed that inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) activity prior to induction of ischemia protected the brain from severe ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injuries. this study evaluated the impacts of post-ischemic inhibition of ace, enalapril, on brain inf...

Introduction and Aim: It has been proposed that µ-calpain is responsible for neuronal survival, while m-calpain – the degeneration. can be assumed "susceptibility" to damage factor neurons in different CNS regions depends on content/activity of calpain isoforms. We analyzed mRNA levels activity µ-and structures rats. Materials Methods: After decapitation intact male Wistar rats prefrontal corte...

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic injury. Here, we investigated effects aging on NO production during ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Male Wister rats (WRs) were assigned to 12-month-old (older; n = 5) and 3-month-old (younger; 7) groups. Similarly, male spontaneous hypertensive (SHRs) allocated 6) 8) After anesthesia, their was monitored using vivo microdialysis...

Introduction: Astrocyte dysfunction is the common pathology resulting in failure of astrocyte-neuron interaction in neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s Disease (PD). To date, only few experimental models of selective ablation of astrocytes are known. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of striatal injections of selective glial toxin L-aminoadipic acid (L-AA) on the loco...

Regenerative responses after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) were investigated in the immature (P9) and juvenile (P21) mouse striatum and cortex by postischemic 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeling and phenotyping of labeled cells 4 weeks later. HI stimulated the formation of new cells in striatum and cortex in immature, growing brains (P9), but when brain growth was finished (P21) proliferation could be stim...

PVCre mice--> combined with AAV-FLEX vectors allowed efficient and specific targeting of PV+ interneurons in the striatum. However, diffusion viral particles to globus pallidus caused massive transduction projection neurons subsequent anterograde transport transgene product subthalamic nucleus substantia nigra pars reticulata. Different AAV serotypes (1 9) promoters (CBA human synapsin) were ev...

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the preconditioning effect of aerobic exercise with vitamin D3 consumption on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly assigned to 6 groups: healthy control, Parkin...

BACKGROUND Alterations in the dopaminergic reward system, predominantly the striatum, constitute core characteristics of schizophrenia. AIMS Functional connectivity of the dorsal striatum during reward-related trial-and-error learning was investigated in 17 people with schizophrenia and 18 healthy volunteers and related to striatal grey matter volume and psychopathology. METHOD We used voxe...

The past decade has seen a dramatic change in our understanding of the role of the striatum in behavior. Early perspectives emphasized a role for the striatum in habitual learning of stimulus-response associations and sequences of actions. Recent advances from human neuroimaging research suggest a broader role for the striatum in motivated learning. New findings demonstrate that the striatum re...