Much research on elemental causal learning has focused on how causal strength is learned from the states of variables. In longitudinal contexts, the way a cause and effect change over time can be informative of the underlying causal relationship. We propose a framework for inferring the causal strength from different observed transitions, and compare the predictions to existing models of causal...

The disposal of used tires is a major environmental problem throughout the world which causes environmental hazards. Crumb rubber is a waste material that is ideal for use in concrete applications. The aim of this study is achieved to use of rubber waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate to produce rubberize concrete in M30 mix. Different partial replacements of crumb rubber (0, 5, 10, 1...

The present Experimental investigation is to study the Mechanical Properties of the Fly ash concrete reinforced with steel fibers. The concrete composite comprises of steel fibers in different percentages and partial replacement of cement in different proportions. Steel fibers varied from 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% by weight of cement and replacement of fly ash varied from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% ...

This paper reports the strength behaviour of concrete containing three types of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) aggregate. Results are also analysed to determine the PET-aggregate’s effect on the relationship between the flexural and splitting tensile strengths and compressive strength and to know whether the relationships between compressive strength and other strength characteristic...

the hydraulic pressure is one of the most important factors in the design of pressure intake tunnels. since the surrounding media cannot usually resist the high internal pressure of these tunnels, they are usually finished with an adequate lining mostly of reinforced concrete, which is an interaction problem between water, soil or rock and concrete lining. although reinforcing the concrete lini...

In this study we examine a moderated model of group faultlines, team identification, and group performance outcomes. We extend research on faultlines by showing how different faultline bases (social category and information-based faultlines) may have differential effects on the performance of groups. In addition to faultline strength (the extent of demographic alignment across members within a ...

We consider the problem, raised by Kunen and Tall, of whether the real continuum can have non-homeomorphic versions in different submodels of the universe of all sets. This requires large cardinals, and we obtain an exact consistency strength: Theorem 1. The following are equiconsistent : (i) ZFC + ∃κ a Jónsson cardinal ; (ii) ZFC + ∃M a sufficiently elementary submodel of the universe of sets ...

While noise is a phenomenon present in many real-world optimization problems, the understanding of its potential e ects on the performance of evolutionary algorithms is still incomplete. This paper investigates the e ects of noise for the in nite-dimensional quadratic sphere and a (1+1)-ES with isotropic normal mutations. It is shown that overvaluation as a result of failure to reevaluate paren...