Prokaryotic genomes are small and compact. Either this feature is caused by neutral evolution or by natural selection favoring small genomes-genome streamlining. Three separate prior lines of evidence argue against streamlining for most prokaryotes. We find that the same three lines of evidence argue for streamlining in the genomes of thermophile bacteria. Specifically, with increasing habitat ...

The aim of this study was to determine the important elements of biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle exercises to treat urge incontinence. Urge suppression and pelvic floor muscle exercises were most beneficial. Responders can be identified early in treatment, allowing for fewer sessions.

Today smart meters are increasingly used in worldwide. Smart meters are the advanced meters capable of measuring customer energy consumption at a fine-grained time interval, e.g., every 15 minutes. The data are very sizable, and might be from different sources, along with the other social-economic metrics such as the geographic information of meters, the information about users and their proper...

Prokaryotic genomes are no-nonsense items: small, compact, with very little DNA between their genes compared with eukaryotes. Whether this is adaptive has, for decades, been a mystery. Genomic researchers have proposed that natural selection may favor small genomes—weeding out superfluous material—through a process called “genomic streamlining.” Streamlining makes inherent sense because a small...