A COllective INtelligence (COIN) is a set of interacting reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms designed so that their collective behavior optimizes a global utility function. We summarize the theory of COINs, then present experiments using that theory to design COINs to control internet traac routing. These experiments indicate that COINs outperform all previously investigated RL-based, shorte...

This paper gives a survey about numismatic research fields where computer vision methods have the potential to improve the effectiveness and impact of research work. In total, five different parts of numismatic research areas are identified: the classification of coins into given types, the identification of concrete coin specimens, the identification of coins struck by the same die, the reasse...

Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a well-known method for elemental analysis in many different specimens for various applied studies. In this paper, we report an application of PIXE analysis for a series of ancient Chinese coins from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty (AD 618-1679). Ninety-six PIXE spectra were obtained from forty-eight samples of the ancient coins with the use of a Ge(...

The coin weighing problem is the following: Given n coins for which m of them are counterfeit with the same weight. The problem is to detect the counterfeit coins with minimal number of weighings. This problem has many applications in compressed sensing, multiple access adder channels, etc. This problem was solved when m is unknown. An old optimal non-adaptive polynomial time algorithm of Linds...

Background: A set of silver coins from the collection of Déri Museum Debrecen (Hungary) was examined by X-ray fluorescent elemental analysis with the aim to assign the coins to different groups with the best possible precision based on the acquired chemical information and to build models, which arrange the coins according to their historical periods. Results: Principal component analysis, line...

The earth-atmosphere stray light can lower contrast ratio and SNR of spatial optical remote sensors, or even fail the system at certain conditions. Errors in the calculation of the stray light illuminance based on point source are very large, for the satellite’s altitude is only several hundred kilometers and far less than the radius of the earth. This paper proposed a stray light illuminance c...

Roman coins play an important role to understand the Roman empire because they convey rich information about key historical events of the time. The ancient Roman coins were widely used to announce the achievements of Roman emperors to the public. They also served to spread messages of changing policies or merits through the empire. By engraving portraits on the coins, the Roman emperors also co...

Blet is a puzzle. One starts with an even number of coins, laid out in a circle. At first, the coins are laid out with heads and tails alternating (HTHTHT. . .HT). Each turn, you are allowed to take three consecutive coins that show tails-heads-tails and flip them over, getting heads-tails-heads. This increases the total number of heads by one. You may do the opposite, flipping a heads-tails-he...

The introduction of the euro has revived interest in the risk of nickel allergy due to the handling of coins. In the present work, the transfer of metallic contamination during the manipulation of coins is examined by means of leaching experiments and manipulation tests. It is shown that pre-existing metallic species present on the surface of the coins are the major source of contamination duri...

Fundamental part of a numismatist’s work is the classifi cation of coins according to standard reference books. For this application, image processing techniques like Image Enhancement, Image Segmentation and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) are investigated. The recently started European project COINS combines these two research areas by developing a vision based system for automated coin r...