A host of technologies has been developed to achieve these aims of the smart grid. Some of these technologies include plug-in electric vehicle, demand response program, energy storage system and renewable distributed generation. However, the integration of the smart grid technologies in the power system operation studies such as economic emission unit commitment problem causes two major challen...

There are few quantitative techniques for directly measuring email use patterns. This paper describes an automated tool that, with a user’s permission, reads their mail database to create a one-time snapshot and gathers relevant structural and behavioral information. We successfully collected important statistics about message threading, folders, and mail volume. Our techniques are relevant to ...

Variation in animal personality, in other words, behavioural responses consistent within individuals over time and/or across contexts, is predicted to be related to life-history traits, such as growth rate and investment in reproduction. How this translates into relationships between personality and milk production in dairy cows is however scarcely investigated and previous studies are showing ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of using unattended, portable polysomnography (PSG) to measure sleep among patients in the medical intensive care unit (MICU). BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of sleep is critical to studies of MICU sleep deprivation. Although PSG is the gold standard, there is limited data regarding the feasibility of utilizing unattended, portable PSG modalities in the...

BACKGROUND Figures for the prevalence of sleep apnoea syndrome range from 0.3% to 8.5%. These widely ranged estimates are probably due to differences in the definitions used, study designs, and study populations. A study was undertaken to determine the lower limit of the prevalence of clinically significant sleep apnoea syndrome. METHODS A cross sectional survey by postal questionnaire was ca...