In this joint experimental and ab initio study, we focused on the influence of the chemical composition and martensite phase transition on the electronic, magnetic, optical, and magneto-optical properties of the ferromagnetic shape-memory Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. The polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) spectra for the polycrystalline sample of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy of Ni60Mn13Ga27 composition were me...

the stoichiometric parameter namely “yield coefficient” associated with growth of certain organism can be determined by direct measurement and/or calculated indirectly. the focus of this paper was on the anoxic yield of heterotrophic organisms using ethanol as an external carbon source during the denitrification process. in the literature, it was observed that yield coefficients can vary for th...

context:in this review, we discuss empirical and stoichiometric models, which have been developed recently in ssf processes and the influence of environmental conditions on the variables of these models. additionally, new studies on modeling of product formation are also mentioned. evidence acquisition:solid-state fermentation (ssf) is recognized as a cheap process for producing many valuable p...

The feasibility of extractive reaction of methacrylic acid from aqueous solution using a quaternary amine, tri–octyl methyl ammonium chloride (TOMAC) as an extractant, was studied. The diluents chosen in the present work belong to different chemical classes, n–butyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, isoamyl alcohol, methyl isobutyl ketone, and toluene. The effect of initial acid concentration in t...

1 Biology Department, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States, 2 Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3 Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Santiago, Chile, 4 The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States, 5 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadua...

The Li NMR T1 relaxation time is shown to be a very severe criterion for determining the stoichiometry of LiCoO2. When Co3O4 containing minimum impurity level of paramagnetic ions such as Fe or Ni is used as starting material (together with Li2CO3), a T1 value as long as 18 s is obtained but this requires a rather long thermal treatment for complete elimination of excess Li. Such highly stoichi...

where Eq. A1.1a is for dissolved species, and Eq. A1.1b is for solid species. Here, t is time, and x is the depth coordinate below the sediment–water interface. U is the advection (burial) velocity. Rj values are the rates of chemical and biochemical reactions, and nij is the stoichiometric coefficient of species i in reaction j. Q is the sediment porosity. The factor j is equal to (1 2 Q)r, wh...

The structural integrity of the ubiquitous enzyme copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) depends critically on the correct coordination of zinc and copper. We investigate here the roles of the stoichiometric zinc and copper ions in modulating the oxidative refolding of reduced, denatured bovine erythrocyte SOD1 at physiological pH and room temperature. Fluorescence experiment results showed t...

The thermal expansion coefficient (a) and calorimetric data were obtained as a function of temperature in order to clarify some of the significant variations reported with regard to these values in the literature. Stoichiometric and off-stoichiometric compositions of Ni3Al alloys (with and without boron addition) were investigated. Dilatometric experiments were performed on all the alloys and t...