Animal studies indicate that early maternal care has long-term effects on brain areas related to social attachment and parenting, whereas neglectful mothering is linked with heightened stress reactivity in the hippocampus across the lifespan. The present study explores the possibility, using magnetic resonance imaging, that perceived quality of maternal care in childhood is associated with brai...

Functional neuroimaging was employed to study 10 obese and 10 lean healthy young right-handed women, divided equally into binge and non-binge eaters. Subjects were presented with visual and auditory stimuli of binge type foods, non-binge type foods, and non-food stimuli in the fMRI scanner. Brain areas activated by both the visual and auditory stimuli across all individual subjects within a par...

Pain is both a sensory and an emotional experience, and is subject to modulation by a number of factors including genetic background modulating stress/affect. The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat exhibits a stress-hyper-responsive and depressive-like phenotype and increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli, compared with other rat strains. Here, we show that this genotype-dependent hyperalgesia is associat...

The automatic contagion of emotion is considered crucial in interpersonal communication. In face-to-face interactions, people could be both the receiver and sender of emotional content. Thus, contagion may have bidirectional influences on the emotional states of individuals. However, many studies have mainly dealt with unidirectional contagion, such that the expression of pain in a target entai...

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between maternal responsivity and language outcomes after a 24-session language intervention in a sample of 62 toddlers with significant developmental delays and fewer than 10 spoken words. The data for this secondary analysis were taken from a longitudinal study that evaluated language outcomes after augmented or spoken language interven...

Although individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) typically demonstrate an increased appetitive social drive, their social profile is characterized by dissociations, including socially fearless behavior coupled with anxiousness, and distinct patterns of "peaks and valleys" of ability. The aim of this study was to compare the processing of social and non-social visually and aurally presented affe...

Conservatives are often thought to have a negativity bias-responding more intensely to negative than positive information. Yet, recent research has found that greater endorsement of conservative beliefs follows from both positive and negative emotion inductions. This suggests that the role of affect in political thought may not be restricted to negative valence, and more attention should be giv...

In nature, some insects can rapidly propel by using the Marangoni effect without employing oscillatory movements of legs. Inspired nature's Marangoni-propulsion principles, various untethered micro-robots are achieved to with small energy storage. For practical use micro-robots, it is required have intelligence detect external environment. However, previous integrated wireless micro-scale senso...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the acquisition, generalization, and extinction of conditioned physiologic responses to aversive stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS Thirty-six PTSD patients, 20 individuals with past trauma and no current PTSD, and 30 mentally healthy individuals without exposure to major trauma underwent a differential aversive cond...

Findings from fear-conditioning studies in rats and functional neuroimaging with human volunteers have led to the suggestion that the amygdala is involved in the preattentive detection of threat-related stimuli. However, some neuroimaging findings point to attentional modulation of the amygdala response. The clinical-cognitive literature suggests that the extent to which the processing of threa...