Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis syndrome (SAPHO) is a rare disease combining skin, bone, and joint manifestations. Its treatment remains a debated issue in the absence of a valid therapeutic strategy. The experience with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-blocking agents is still small but encouraging. This therapy is reserved for refractory cases. The most commonly...

Several disorders of increased bone turnover and low bone mineral density (BMD) are associated with severe pain that is refractory to treatment with conventional and even opioid analgesics. Because of their ability to effectively improve the underlying pathogenesis of these disorders (i.e., reduce bone resorption and increase BMD), bisphosphonates are considered part of the palliative care of m...

Background Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare bone disease characterized by sterile inflammation and locally increased turnover. CNO that occurs in the rheumatic spectrum of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis osteitis referred to as SAPHO syndrome [1, 2]. To date, there are no objective biomarkers for monitoring activity. Recommended imaging tools like technetium radiolab...

Background Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare bone disease occurring in children and adults. Adults mainly present with osteitis hyperostosis of the anterior chest wall, sometimes context synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, (SAPHO) syndrome [1]. CNO hypothesized to be an auto-inflammatory disease, as studies on pediatric patients have shown raised erythrocyte sedimentati...