We studied fluctuations in the displacement of silica beads driven by single molecules of the motor protein kinesin, moving under low mechanical loads at saturating ATP concentrations. The variance in position was significantly smaller than expected for the case of stepwise movement along a regular lattice of positions with exponentially distributed intervals. The small variance suggests that t...

Using analytical expressions for the magnetization textures of thin submicron-sized magnetic cylinders in vortex state, we derive closed-form algebraic expressions for the ensuing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) cross sections. Specifically, for the perpendicular and parallel scattering geometries, we have computed the cross sections for the case of small vortex-center displacements witho...

The use of flow displacement systems for studying initial bacterial adhesion to surfaces is mostly confined to transparent substrata. The objective of this study was to investigate a method based on macroscopic fluorescence imaging to enumerate adhering fluorescent bacteria on non-transparent substrata, real-time and under flow. To this end, a stepwise protocol is described to quantify adhesion...

The reaction of Mn(X)(CO)5 (X = Cl, Br, I) with 2 equivalents of tri(1-cyclohepta-2,4,6trienyl)phosphane, P(C7H7)3 ((1); [P] if coordinated to a metal) led stepwise first to cis{Mn(X)(CO)4[P]} (X = Cl (4a), Br (4b), I (4c)) and then to mer,trans-{Mn(X)(CO)3[P]2} (X = Cl (5a), Br (5b), I (5c)). Nucleophilic displacement of the bromo ligand from (5b) by one-, threeor five-electron ligands gave th...

Efficient and accurate protein localization is essential to cells and requires protein-targeting machineries to both effectively capture the cargo in the cytosol and productively unload the cargo at the membrane. To understand how these challenges are met, we followed the interaction of translating ribosomes during their targeting by the signal recognition particle (SRP) using a site-specific f...

potassium-argon analysis by stqwise dissolution provides a way to measure in detail the distribution of argon isotopes and potassium in rock salt. the method can be used for salt that contains only trace amounts of potassium, because the potassium and argon in detrital silicates within the salt are not released during the dissolution. water may be used as the solvent when relatively large amoun...

The SWI/SNF-family remodelers regulate chromatin structure by coupling the free energy from ATP hydrolysis to the repositioning and restructuring of nucleosomes, but how the ATPase activity of these enzymes drives the motion of DNA across the nucleosome remains unclear. Here, we used single-molecule FRET to monitor the remodeling of mononucleosomes by the yeast SWI/SNF remodeler, RSC. We observ...

Solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI) is useful for functionalizing the channels of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials such as NU-1000 that offer substitutionally labile zirconium(IV) coordination sites for nonbridging ligands. Each of the 30 or so previous examples relied upon coordination of a carboxylate ligand to achieve incorporation. Here we show that, with appropriate attenti...

Most mRNAs contain secondary structure, yet their codons must be in single-stranded form to be translated. Until now, no helicase activity has been identified which could account for the ability of ribosomes to translate through downstream mRNA secondary structure. Using an oligonucleotide displacement assay, together with a stepwise in vitro translation system made up of purified components, w...

INTRODUCTION The purposes of this study were to analyze the progress of internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to find critical yardsticks that can be used during lateral cephalometric analysis to identify subjects with potential ID. METHODS The sample consisted of 134 women whose primary complaints were malocclusions. They were divided into 5 groups based on the r...