Stacking faults in CoCrTa/Cr, CoCrPt/NiAl, and CoCrPt/Cr/NiAl films have been studied by electron diffraction. Interfacial lattice match and epitaxial growth play important roles in reducing the stacking fault density. It is found that the bicrystal media has large stacking fault densities. In the unicrystal media case, when good epitaxy between magnetic layer and underlayer cannot be achieved,...

Stacking faults in (1010) unicrystal Co and Co-alloy thin films have been analyzed by the electron diffraction technique. As predicted no diffraction contrast of stacking faults could be observed when the beam is parallel to the [1010] direction. However, both by plan-view TEM observation and electron diffraction along the [1120] direction reveal that the stacking fault density in biased pure C...

Basal-plane stacking faults in wurtzite AlN, GaN, and InN are studied using density-functionalpseudopotential calculations. The formation energies follow the trend exhibited for the zinc-blende/wurtzite energy differences in the bulk materials, namely, lowest energy for GaN and highest for AlN. Type-I stacking faults have the lowest energy, followed by type-II stacking faults, and finally extri...

Stacking is a widely used technique for combining classifier and improving prediction accuracy. Early research in Stacking showed that selecting the right classifiers their parameters and the meta-classifier was a critical issue. Most of the research on this topic hand picks the right combination of classifier and their parameters. Instead of starting from these initial strong assumptions, our ...

Object-stacking is a model for structuring object based systems. The main feature of object-stacking is that layers of objects with a uniform interface are constructed, and the functions of these objects are integrated. The effectiveness of object-stacking has been shown for file systems of distributed operating systems. This paper presents the application of the object-stacking model to the Wo...

Stacking fault tetrahedra, the three-dimensional crystalline defects bounded by stacking faults and stair-rod dislocations, are often observed in quenched or irradiated face-centred cubic metals and alloys. All of the stacking fault tetrahedra experimentally observed to date are believed to originate from vacancies. Here we report, in contrast to the classical vacancy-originated ones, a new kin...

We have identified a 55 kDa protein, named GRASP55 (Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 55 kDa), as a component of the Golgi stacking machinery. GRASP55 is homologous to GRASP65, an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive membrane protein required for the stacking of Golgi cisternae in a cell-free system. GRASP65 exists in a complex with the vesicle docking protein receptor GM130 to which it binds directly...

during the last decades a new class of materials named fiber/metal laminates (fmls) was introduced. it is a hybrid composite consisting of alternating thin layers of metal sheets and fiber-reinforced composite material. fmls have both low weight and good mechanical properties. in this study, the impact behavior of this attractive material is investigated. the effect of fiber angle, stacking seq...

The chain persistency of single-stranded (ss) DNA at a high-salt limit mainly arises from the so-called base-stacking interaction between consecutive bases along the strand. Stacking is appreciable for purine–purine (e.g., A–A) and purine–pyrimidine stacks (e.g., A–T), but it is weak for pyrimidine stacks (i.e., T–T, T–C, and C–C). We study how base stacking can stiffen the strand by classifyin...