statement of problem: it has been established that successful root canal treatment depends on the quality of obturation. deeper penetration of spreaders can improve the apical seal and the quality of the obturation. purpose: the aim of this study was to compare the initial penetration depth of spreaders during lateral condensation of 0.04 and 0.02 tapered gutta-percha master cones. materials an...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of heat pumps in total site heat integration. It will be shown how heat pumps can help de-bottleneck heat transfer so that maximum energy savings are attained. Non-linear targeting models to get maximum cost savings and optimum heat pumping temperature levels are presented. Finally, the paper describes optimal solutions with heat pumps that do no...

This article presents the electrothermal analysis of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as a two-dimensional insulator heat spreader. The thickness and indirect bandgap hBN are 11.5 ± 0.8 nm 5.85 0.04 eV, respectively. fabricated Pt/Cu/Ti (30/500/20 nm) micro-coil served source sensitive resistance thermometer, with temperature coefficient higher than 0.0066 ...

Aiming at the poor efficiency in crushing a handful of caking organic fertilizers spraying from traditional disc spreader, an improved spreader equipped with spike-tooth unit was designed introduction its structural composition and working principle. Also simulation experiments were carried out based on discrete element method according to solutions made before after improvement. Firstly, granu...

introduction: the purpose of this in vitro study was to compare apical microleakage after obturation with nickel-titanium (niti) compared to stainless steel (ss) finger spreaders. materials and methods: eighty straight single-rooted human teeth were instrumented using step-back technique. the specimens were randomly divided into four groups. the two experimental groups (n=30) and the negative c...