This policy history describes how community choice aggregation was created in Massachusetts by a small group of advocates and subsequently spread across the US. Twenty-one interviews with key participants, primary materials from government personal archives, newspaper articles were used to attribute corroborate these events. A new finding is that as part electric sector restructuring efforts 19...

Abstract: We consider the critical spread-out contact process in Zd with d ≥ 1, whose infection range is denoted by L ≥ 1. The two-point function τt(x) is the probability that x ∈ Zd is infected at time t by the infected individual located at the origin o ∈ Zd at time 0. We prove Gaussian behaviour for the two-point function with L ≥ L0 for some finite L0 = L0(d) for d > 4. When d ≤ 4, we also ...

We investigate a fully quantum mechanical spin model for the detection of a moving particle. This model, developed in earlier work, is based on a collection of spins at fixed locations and in a metastable state, with the particle locally enhancing the coupling of the spins to an environment of bosons. The appearance of bosons from particular spins signals the presence of the particle at the spi...

BACKGROUND Venturia inaequalis is an ascomycete fungus responsible for apple scab, a disease that has invaded almost all apple growing regions worldwide, with the corresponding adverse effects on apple production. Monitoring and predicting the effectiveness of intervention strategies require knowledge of the origin, introduction pathways, and population biology of pathogen populations. Analysis...

We derive a lace expansion for the survival probability for critical spread-out oriented percolation above 4+1 dimensions, i.e., the probability θn that the origin is connected to the hyperplane at time n, at the critical threshold pc. Our lace expansion leads to a nonlinear recursion relation for θn, with coefficients that we bound via diagrammatic estimates. This lace expansion is for point-t...