We use the framework of biorthogonality to introduce a novel semantic definition of the concept of barb (basic observable) for process calculi. We develop a uniform basic theory of barbs and demonstrate its robustness by showing that it gives rise to the correct observables in specific process calculi which model synchronous, asynchronous and broadcast communication regimes.

This paper reports an Australian trial of the British Army Recruit Battery (BARB), an innovative set of computer administered tests designed to provide measures of cognitive abilities. The trial was made possible because Australia, along with Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America participate in a non-atomic military research agreement called The Technical Coop...

With the developments in technology, lots of innovations were brought into the use of medical society. Suture material including barb technology (V-Lock) is one of them and it is important for doctors who have limited experience in laparoscopic intracorporeal knot tying. In this article; the advantages and disadvantages of this useful absorbable suture material and its utilization in laparoscop...

The little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii) is a flightless ratite formerly found throughout New Zealand but now greatly reduced in distribution. Previous phylogeographic studies of the related brown kiwi (A. mantelli, A. rowi and A. australis), with which little spotted kiwi was once sympatric, revealed extremely high levels of genetic structuring, with mitochondrial DNA haplotypes often restrict...

Poching Liu, Jennifer Barb, Kimberly Woodhouse, James G. Taylor VI, Peter J. Munson, and Nalini Raghavachari Genomics Core Facility, Genetics and Development Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, and Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Nation...

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antiepileptic drug (AED) utilization and patient age in a population of patients treated by primary health care physicians. Data were collected by using questionnaires completed by family physicians and paediatricians working in primary health care. Only patients with active epilepsy confirmed previously by neurologists or neurop...

To examine the role of development in the origin of evolutionary novelties, we investigated the developmental mechanisms involved in the formation of a complex morphological novelty-branched feathers. We demonstrate that the anterior-posterior expression polarity of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) in the primordia of feathers, avian scales, and alligator scales is c...

The racket-tipped tail of the motmots is uniquely shaped and its formation has attracted much attention. Barbs that grow along the wire of the motmot’s two central tail feathers are weakly attached and shed soon after development. The cause of the weak attachment of these barbs is unclear. I induced feather growth by plucking the central tail feathers from seven turquoise-browed motmots Eumomot...

Over the past 10 years, we have examined hierarchical genetic structure in the three geographically-defined subspecies of spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) to define relationships among subspecies and quantify variation within and among regional and local populations. Sequences (522 bp) from domain I and II of the mitochondrial control region were analyzed for 213 individuals from 30 local breed...

Population genetics plays an increasingly important role in the conservation and management of declining species, particularly for defining taxonomic units. Subspecies are recognized by several conservation organizations and countries and receive legal protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). Two subspecies of spotted owls, northern (Strix occidentalis caurina) and Mexican (S. o. l...