Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved signal transduction modules directing cellular respond to a diverse array of stimuli, in the eukaryotic organisms. In this study, PlMAPK10 was identified to encode a MAPK in Peronophythora litchii, the oomycete pathogen causing litchi downy blight disease. PlMAPK10, containing a specific and highly cons...

In the microbiological investigation, made on samples of normal; (n=412) and mastitic (n=482) milk, proceeded from eight dairy cows farm, in Transilvania, it was signal the presence of the algae without chlorophyl belonging to Prototheca, forming together with bacteria and fungi the micro flora of the mammary gland. The alga content of normal milk was signaled only in two farms (2.27%, respecti...

The complex body plan of modern vascular plants evolved by modification of simple systems of branching axes which originated from the determinate vegetative axis of a bryophyte-grade ancestor. Understanding body plan evolution and homologies has implications for land plant phylogeny and requires resolution of the specific developmental changes and their evolutionary sequence. The branched sporo...

The present work deals with the ultrastructure of the meiotic processes leading to the formation of zoospores. The formation of an exit pore on the outer surface of the sporangium is the first visible sign that the cell will undergo meiosis and not just a somatic division. Prophase I nuclei differ from nuclei in mitotic prophase by having one or several invaginations of the nuclear membrane. El...

We report evidence that CotC and CotU, two previously identified components of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat, are produced concurrently in the mother cell chamber of the sporulating cell under the control of sigmaK and GerE and immediately assembled around the forming spore. In the coat, the two proteins interact to form a coat component of 23 kDa. The CotU-CotC interaction was not detected ...

Sexual crosses between strains of Phycomyces blakesleeanus , involving three auxotrophic and one color marker and yielding a high proportion of zygospore germination, are described. Samples of 20-40 germ spores from 311 individual fertile germ sporangia originating from five two-factor and three three-factor crosses were characterized. The results show: (1) absence of any contribution of apogam...