Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogen which may cause fetal infection if primary infection. Our previous studies have used human choriocarcinoma trophoblastic cells (BeWo cell line) as experimental model of T. gondii infection involving placental microenvironment. This study aimed to examine the effects of azithromycin and spiramycin against T. gondii infection in BeWo cells. Cells were tr...

Streptomyces ambofaciens RP181110 produces the macrolide polyketide spiramycin. Like many other Streptomyces species, the RP181110 strain is prone to genetic instability involving genomic rearrangements (deletions and/or amplifications) in the large unstable region of the genome. It has previously been demonstrated that the amplification of a particular locus (AUD205) affects spiramycin biosynt...

BACKGROUND Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection acquired during pregnancy differs in many countries. In Germany, spiramycin is given until the 16th week of pregnancy, followed by at least 4 weeks of combination therapy with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and folinic acid independent of the infection stage of the fetus. If infection of the fetus is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction or if ...

BackgroundIn this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles-coated with eugenol (ZnO@Eug) were synthesized and evaluated as a nanosuspension (NSus) formulation against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro vivo.MethodsAn anti-Toxoplasma activity assay for ZnO@Eug NSus was conducted vitro, ex vivo, vivo. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of by detecting several functional groups involved; EDX SEM demonstrate...

RADIOACTIVITY DISTRIBUTION WAS DETERMINED IN SERUM AND MILK OF LACTATING EWES AFTER PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF FIVE LABELED ANTIBIOTICS: (14)C-benzylpenicillin G, (3)H-dihydrostreptomycin, (3)H-tetracycline, (14)C-chloramphenicol, and (14)C-spiramycin. Antibiotic levels were measured simultaneously by microbiological assay. Radiochemical and microbiological assay procedures presented similar ...

Chemical ionization mass spectrometry, using isobutane as a reactant gas, is shown to be useful in the structural characterization of representative 16membered ring macrolide antibiotics. The spectra of spiramycin I, spiramycin III, and niddamycin contain relatively intense protonated molecule ion peaks (MH+) making establishment of molecular formulae straightforward. There are relatively few f...

Antibiotics do not act alone but act in conjunction with the host defense system. In particular, it has been shown that some antibiotics can modify cytokine production. We compared the in vitro effects of three macrolides (roxithromycin, spiramycin, and erythromycin) actively concentrated by leukocytes on interleukin-1 alpha, (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha produc...

Dietary cooked casein promotes colon cancer in rats. We speculated and tested the hypothesis that cooking reduces the digestibility of casein, and increases the yield of bacterial metabolites, which are potential promoters of cancer. We investigated dietary means to manipulate nitrogen transfer and fermentation in the caecum. The caecal digestion of casein (cooked or not), keratin (hydrolysed o...