Current knowledge of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of neurotrauma and the key clinical and experimental strategies for promoting recovery and regeneration after brain and spinal cord trauma are reviewed. Brief overviews of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of neurotrauma are presented, and the key experimental and clinical treatments for the promotion of recovery and regeneration afte...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been playing an increasingly important role in the spinal trauma patients due to high sensitivity for detection of acute soft tissue and cord injuries. More and more patients are undergoing MRI for spinal trauma in the emergency settings, thus necessitating the interpreting physicians to be familiar with MRI findings in spinal trauma. In this pictorial revie...

A spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to any injury to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma instead of disease. Depending on where the spinal cord and nerve roots are damaged, the symptoms can vary widely, from pain to paralysis to incontinence. Spinal cord injuries are described at various levels of "incomplete", which can vary from having no effect on the patient to a "complete" injury which ...

Introduction Acute autonomic system impairment can be dangerous and lifethreatening, and a clinician should be aware of its occurrence possibility. According to the anatomy of this system, spinal cord lesions could disturb its function. There are many reports of autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injuries especially spinal cord trauma (1). Acute and dangerous autonomic dysreflexia during spin...

bone loss after spinal cord injury leads to increased fragility of bone and subsequent risk for low-trauma fractures in the sublesional parts of the body . although in such injuries upper limbs are normally innervated, bone loss may occur in the upper extremities. the present study was designed to determine the systemic effects of spinal cord injury on the fracture healing of upper limbs in rab...

One of the most important factors responsible for axonal degeneration following spinal cord trauma is ischemia produced by cord compression. Previous studies have revealed that omental transposition upon the injured site of the spinal cord could be beneficial in the induction of partial improvement of neuroelectrical and motor function in laboratory animals. The purpose of this study is to...

Background and aims: One of the most common injuries around the world is the traumatic injury of the spine and spinal cord with unknown worldwide situation of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) affecting on the effectiveness of preventive policy programs. In addition, because of possibility of making paralysis, the potential injury to the spine could be one of the most importa...

Each year, some 12,000 Americans are rendered paraplegic or quadriplegic by spinal cord injury. Most of these injuries result from motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports-related trauma. Although the short-term and long-term prognosis for paraplegic and quadriplegic patients has improved in recent years, an alarmingly large number of these patients die before or during initial hospitalizatio...