Semen cryopreservation and sperm freezing has a long history of over 65 years. However, embryo freezing and oocyte cryopreservation in human infertility has a shorter history up to 40 years. Embryo and oocyte freezing had a tremendous progress and development in past four decades so it improved from slow freezing procedure with less than 10% survival rate at beginning to vitrification procedure...

As early as 1985, ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at -196 degrees C by vitrification was reported in an attempted alternative approach to cryostorage. Since then, vitrification techniques have entered more and more the mainstream of animal reproduction as an alternative cryopreservation method to traditional slow-cooling/rapid-thaw protocols. In addition, the last few years have seen...

This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of simplified EM grid vitrification, skipping the step of removing the cryoprotectant (5.5M EG + 1.0M sucrose) droplet on the grid after loading oocytes, compared to conventional cryopreservation protocols for mouse mature oocytes. Firstly, the recovery, survival, fertilization and hatching rates of simplified EM grid vitrification were compar...

The first methods for fertility preservation (FP) were sperm freezing followed many years later by ovarian tissue freezing and oocyte vitrification. FP before cancer treatment is necessary because gametes are often destroyed at the same time as the cancer therapy kills malignant cells. It has been regularly offered to male cancer patients in the form of sperm cryopreservation. In female patient...

To maximise productivity, a better understanding of the underlying causes subfertility that lead to inferior offspring and high mortality is imperative. In decapod crustaceans, most research has focused on female reproductive performance, with little attention given male fertility. Paternal genetic contribution critical both successful embryonic post-embryonic development. Assessment sperm qual...

BACKGROUND Oocyte cryopreservation is an important method used in a number of human fertility circumstances. Here, we compared the survival, in vitro maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development rates of frozen-thawed human immature oocytes using two different cryopreservation methods. METHODS A total of 454 failed-matured oocytes [germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase I (MI) stag...

Cryopreservation of immature testicular tissues is essential for increasing the possibilities of offspring generation by testicular xenografting for agricultural or medical purposes. However, successful production of offspring from the sperm involved has never been reported previously. In the present study, therefore, using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), we examined whether xenogeneic...

sting by E Abstract Social changes, uprising ambitions and life demands have markedly affected the behavior and attitude of women toward the concept of composing a stable family and giving birth to children, that was clearly demarcated by the remarkably increased age of conception and child birth, postponement of such essential events could be followed later on by a sense of sorrow and regret. ...