One of the most interesting aspects of sports fans is their degree of involvement and affiliation with their favorite sports team. Indeed, perusal of the popular press suggests that sports fans reveal their connection to a favorite team in interesting ways, including wearing team apparel, displaying bumper stickers on their cars, and engaging in celebratory behaviors that range from fairly pass...

The Meiji Jingu Baseball Stadium attracts a large number of spectators in the Tokyo metropolitan area. To clarify the demand for medical care at a public ballpark, we analyzed following two types of medical records maintained at the stadium: (1) "Report of Aid": a record of patients visiting the first-aid station in 2003 season and (2) "Report of Accidents": a record of patients referred to cli...

We present Reflets, a mixed-reality environment for musical performances that allows for freely displaying virtual content on stage, such as 3D virtual musical interfaces or visual augmentations of instruments and performers. It relies on spectators and performers revealing virtual objects by slicing through them with body parts or objects, and on planar slightly reflective transparent panels t...

The objective of this study was to compare the views of spectators concerning the quality perception of the World Indoor Athletics Championships. The study group consisted of 568 spectators who watched the events. A measurement scale of event quality in spectator sports (SEQSS) developed by Ko et al. (2011) was used as a data collection tool in the study. In order to determine the views of the ...

Advice in aspect-oriented programming helps programmers modularize crosscutting concerns by allowing additions and changes to a program’s execution. However, formal reasoning about the functional behavior of aspect-oriented programs requires a non-modular, wholeprogram search to find applicable advice. To allow modular reasoning, we describe a discipline that categorizes aspects into two sorts:...

Abstract A consensus seems to be emerging in economics that at least three motives are at work in many strategic decisions: distributive preferences, reciprocal preferences and self-interest. An important obstacle to this research, however, has been moral biases, i.e., the distortions created by self-interest that can obscure our measures of social preferences. Among other things, this has led ...

Collective rituals are present in all known societies, but their function is a matter of long-standing debates. Field observations suggest that they may enhance social cohesion and that their effects are not limited to those actively performing but affect the audience as well. Here we show physiological effects of synchronized arousal in a Spanish fire-walking ritual, between active participant...

the epic theatre of brecht invites spectators to analyze dominant issues concerning economic, social, and political matters, additionally guiding them to consider possible alterations. in his plays, brecht strives to prohibit the metamorphosis of spectators by creating a gap between characters and spectators thereby encouraging them to develop critical ideas about society. readers therefore sho...

The human "mirror-system" is suggested to play a crucial role in action observation and execution, and is characterized by activity in the premotor and parietal cortices during the passive observation of movements. The previous motor experience of the observer has been shown to enhance the activity in this network. Yet visual experience could also have a determinant influence when watching more...