Breast ultrasound is an important tool used in the medical treatment and diagnosis of breast tumor. However, noise defined as speckles are generated inevitably. Although the existence of speckle may be beneficial to diagnosis if used by a well-trained observer, it often causes disturbance which negatively affects clinical diagnosis, not only by reducing resolution and contrast of ultrasound ima...

Most of the holographic techniques applied so fa( for non·contacting measurements of surface displacements are highly sensitive. But the interpretation of the interference fringes obtained is usually rather difficult for a non-.expeft. especially for the study of tilts in the presence of lateral in-plane movements. Moire techniques could be applied to overcome some of the difficulties encounter...

Cytokinesis in animal cells requires the assembly of an actomyosin contractile ring to cleave the cell. The ring is highly dynamic; it assembles and disassembles during each cell cleavage, resulting in the recurrent redistribution of actin. To investigate this process in grasshopper spermatocytes, we mechanically manipulated the spindle to induce actin redistribution into ectopic contractile ri...

The occurrence and smoothing of speckle are studied as a function of the line width for a highly collimated illuminating source. A general theory is presented for speckling in the image of a partially diffuse, phase type of object, which has a variable number of random scattering centers per resolution element. Then, an expression is derived for the wavelength spacing required to decouple the s...

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a commonly-adopted technique in geoscience and natural hazard studies to measure the surface deformation of various geophysical phenomena. In last decades, several different functions have been developed. Additionally, some authors proposed applying DIC other representations, such as gradients or orientation. Many works shown reliability specific methods, but ...

Three of four new jawfishes described herein have sexually dimorphic jaws and dichromatic maxillary markings: O. smithvanizi, with a simple nasal cirrus, buccal pigmentation and other traits similar to members of the O. macrognathus group, is known only from Isla del Caño, a continental shelf island off southern Costa Rica; O. fossoris, with a multifid nasal cirrus, a broad dorsal membranous su...

Nowadays Imaging Radars (IR) finds many applications, in both civilian and defense fields to observe various scenarios over the horizon. Due to the rapid development of space borne and air borne platforms Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) becomes as an electronic eye to monitor different terrain features, various activities on the globe. As a result, analysis of SAR images is desirable to obtain ...

Among diseases reported worldwidely for sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) crop, one of the most frequent is the Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD), caused by sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) co-infection. In Argentina, there exists the sweet potato chlorotic dwarf (SPCD), a sweet potato disease caused by triple co-infection with SPCSV...

The village weaverbird, Ploceus cucullatus, lays eggs of an extremely broad range of appearance between individuals. This variation is thought to have evolved as a counteradaptation to brood parasitism by the diederik cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius. The primary objective of our study was to characterize the relationship between egg appearance and egg rejection in the African village weaverbird. We...

The local histogram transform of an image is a data cube that consists of the histograms of the pixel values that lie within a fixed neighborhood of any given pixel location. Such transforms are useful in image processing applications such as classification and segmentation, especially when dealing with textures that can be distinguished by the distributions of their pixel intensities and color...