this article is investigating the town and country planning in austria. although according to new definitions spatial planning in austria has been started during fifties and sixties of the twentieth century, the issue has been set seriously on the l?nder's agenda of planning as the main authorities since establishing austrian conference on regional planning (?rok) in 1971.the programs impl...

Spatial planning is important not only from the view of development of settlements and urbanised territories. It is necessary to integrate spatial planning activities in the total process of sustainable growth and landscape management. Spatial planning data represents an example of a part of SDI (Spatial Data Infrastructure). The current world and public need to share, combine, search, distribu...

Spatial planning is defined as the change of the distribution of activities in space and the change of the links between them by converting forms of land use and property. Systematic spatial planning is the most advanced level in a hierarchy from data and going to information and knowledge, collected on each level of territorial holarchy. Systematization is achieved by data converting into high...

In South Africa, broad spatial frameworks have become a standard form of planning, but these have been critiqued on various grounds. This paper focuses on three lines along which spatial planning might be reconsidered. First, it argues that it is important for planners to engage with the complexity of the socio-spatial dynamics of the city. Second, it suggests that planners need a stronger unde...

In their contributions, participants of spatial planning discussions refer to geographic objects. In this paper, an explicit linkage between online maps and arguments is proposed for being used in a World-Wide Webbased support systems for Collaborative Spatial Decision-Making (CSDM). The representation and storage of geo-referenced arguments in Argumentation Maps ("Argumaps") will advance the l...

Recent advances in computer memory and speed and new specialised software for the capture, manipulation and presentation of spatial information have vastly increased the possibilities of spatial planning models. The aggregation error of zones can now be overcome by new and efficient ways of spatial interpolation, spurious equilibrium assumptions can be replaced by the dynamics of different spee...