Introduction: There are evidences showing the role of nitric oxide in the opiate reward properties. The role of nitric oxide signaling pathway as an intracellular mechanism on augmentation of long term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 area of rats is also confirmed. It has been also reported that oral morphine dependence facilitates formation of spatial learning and memory via activation of N...

There are several conflicting evidences showing the effect of morphine on learning and memory processes. In the present study the effect of chronic morphine administration on passive avoidance, active avoidance and spatial learning and memory of morphine dependent male rats using Passive Avoidance shuttle box and Morris Water Maze tasks were investigated, respectively. Male rats received morphi...

There are several conflicting evidences showing the effect of morphine on learning and memory processes. In the present study the effect of chronic morphine administration on passive avoidance, active avoidance and spatial learning and memory of morphine dependent male rats using Passive Avoidance shuttle box and Morris Water Maze tasks were investigated, respectively. Male rats received morphi...

      Diabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances of learning and memory and cognitive functioning. Aegle marmelos Corr. from Rutaceae family, is widely used in Iranian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It decreases blood glucose level by improving glucose tolerance and also has lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties. Considering the beneficial antidiabetic...

Introduction: Consumption of vitamin D3 is effective to reduce intensity of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Neurons of the central nervous system are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species and these factors play a key role in the destruction of myelin and damage of axons. The hippocampus is a vital center for learning and memory in central nervous system. This area is ...

background: the effect of ovariectomy and accompanying sudden loss of circulating gonad hormones on spatial learning performance in the young adult rats was examined. we hypothesized that spatial learning and memory in a considerable number of women who undergo a surgical menopause and estrogen deprivation before their natural menopause be impaired. methods: in this study, we used 26 wistar rat...

Hippocampus is essentially involved in learning and memory processes, and is known to be a target for androgen actions. The high density of the androgen receptors in hippocampus shows that there must be some relationship between androgens and memory. Androgen effects on spatial memory are complex and contradictory. Some evidence suggests a positive correlation between androgens and spatial memo...

Hippocampus is essentially involved in learning and memory processes, and is known to be a target for androgen actions. The high density of the androgen receptors in hippocampus shows that there must be some relationship between androgens and memory. Androgen effects on spatial memory are complex and contradictory. Some evidence suggests a positive correlation between androgens and spatial memo...

Background and Aim: The frequent use of opioids changes function and plasticity of neural circuits. Exposing the immature nervous system to opioids can have deeper and more extensive impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of morphine consumption during lactation period on learning and memory of rats offspring. Material and Methods: This experimental study included 40 mal...

Introduction: The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported having a pathological role in age-related impairment in learning and memory. Therefore, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are expected to have positive effects on memory. Longtime treatment with captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) significantly attenuates the age-related impairment in learn...