Details and concepts of intramuscular, extramuscular and intermuscular myofascial force transmission are reviewed. Some new experimental data are added regarding myofascial force transmission between antagonistic muscles across the interosseal membrane of the lower hind limb of the rat. Combined with other result presented in this issue, it can be concluded that myofascial force transmission oc...

Spasticity is common following stroke; however, high subject variability and unreliable measurement techniques limit research and treatment advances. Our objective was to investigate the use of shear wave elastography (SWE) to characterize the spastic reflex in the biceps brachii during passive elbow extension in an individual with spasticity. The patient was a 42-year-old right-hand-dominant m...

A form of systemic tetanus with atypical symptoms was observed in mice injected in the left thigh with a mixture of tetanus toxin and antibody produced in guinea pigs against a fragment of toxin obtained from a subtilisin digest of the crystallized toxin. The mice did not show typical symptoms of the local tetanus such as convulsions or spastic paralysis of the injected limb.

A 42 year old Greek male with pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism presented with difficulty in walking and with lower limb weakness. His physical signs included short stature, thick neck, short fourth metacarpals and metatarsals, and a spastic paraparesis. Serum calcium and phosphate and parathyroid concentrations were normal. Myelography demonstrated compression of the cervical and lumbar cord in ...

Repeated intrathecal application of the sustained release steroid Triamcinolone Acetonide (TCA) is beneficial in progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients [1]. Particularly, with spinal lesions often show a distinct benefit three fold increase maximum walking distance [2]. This therapy ameliorates distance, improves upper limb function and reduces spastic symptoms The putative regenerative e...

BACKGROUND The aim of the proposed study is to perform a comparative analysis of functional training effects for the paretic upper limb with and without transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy. METHODS The sample will comprise 34 individuals with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, 6 to 16 years old, classified ...

OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the impact of different injection-guiding techniques on the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) for the treatment of focal spasticity and dystonia. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE via PubMed, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, SpringerLink, Web of Science, EM Premium, and PsycINFO. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers indepe...