The Dynamic Similarity Hypothesis (DSH) suggests that when animals of different size walk at similar Froude numbers (equal ratios of inertial and gravitational forces) they will use similar size-corrected gaits. This application of similarity theory to animal biomechanics has contributed to fundamental insights in the mechanics and evolution of a diverse set of locomotor systems. However, despi...

There is a strong and widely held belief that all organisms are perfect and that everything within them is there for a function. Believers ascribe to the Darwinian natural selection process a fastidious prescience that it cannot possibly have and some go so far as to think that patently useless features of existing organisms are there as investments for the future. I have especially encountered...

There is still a large number of masonry arch bridges on the road and railway network. More than 80 % are over 100 years old so their service life has been exceeded significantly. The general focus paper to show method for strengthening restoration these bridges, especially if they have damaged by longitudinal cracks. performed using new spandrel walls from reinforced concrete stabilized transv...

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is recognized as the major force for bacterial genome evolution. Yet, numerous questions remain about the transferred genes, their function, quantity and frequency. The extent to which genetic transformation by exogenous DNA has occurred over evolutionary time was initially addressed by an in silico approach using the complete genome sequence of the Ralstonia sola...

background: physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. however the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. the aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...

Theoretical and experimental studies on loadbearing masonry walls have shown the significant influence of axial load level (i.e., precompression) wall aspect ratio in-plane lateral resistance. Nonetheless, impact precompression spatial variability material properties needs to be further investigated at scale with openings. This study presents a stochastic analysis unreinforced (URM) pier–spandr...