BACKGROUND Persistent low-grade immune-inflammatory processes, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation are integral to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The microbiome, intestinal compositional changes, and resultant bacterial translocation add a new element to the bidirectional interactions of the gut-brain axis; new...

Background: Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are instrumental in controlling opioid misuse,but opioid users have increasingly shifted to cocaine, creating a different set of medical problems. Whileopioid use results in multiple medical comorbidities, findings of the existing studies reported singlecomorbidities rather...

Introduction Severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depressive are common worldwide often have a chronic course. Due to psychiatric ( for example : substance use disorders ) somatic obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes comorbidities, mortality is higher in these patients than the general population.Viral diseases are, addition metabolic alterations, among most ...

posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) occurs following exposure to potentially traumatic experiences such as those regularly encountered by emergency service workers (police, ambulance and firemen/women) and servicemen/women. ptsd is associated with high rates of somatic comorbidities including metabolic syndrome contributing to an excess mortality rate due to preventable cardiovascular diseases...

BACKGROUND Symptom clusters have not been previously explored in acute pain patients (APPs) and chronic pain patients (CPPs) with non-cancer pain. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine in CPPs and APPs which somatic and non-somatic symptoms cluster with each other, the number of clusters, and if cluster number and cluster symptom makeup differ by pain level. STUDY DESIGN...

The authors' preliminary study selected 22 items for Depression and Somatic Symptoms Scale (DSSS), including depression subscale (DS) and somatic subscale (SS). The aim of the study was to test reliability and validity of the DSSS. The study enrolled 135 consecutive outpatients (34 male and 101 female) experiencing a major depressive episode (the MDE group), 95 of whom (25 male and 70 female) a...

BACKGROUND Prison health systems are subject to increasing pressures given the specific health needs of a growing and aging prison population. Identifying the drivers of medical spending among incarcerated individuals is therefore key for health care governance in prisons. This study assesses the determinants of individual health care expenditures within the prisons of the canton of Vaud, a lar...

BACKGROUND Restrictive eating problems are rare in children but overrepresented in those with neurodevelopmental problems. Comorbidities decrease wellbeing in affected individuals but research in the area is relatively scarce. This study describes phenotypes, regarding psychiatric and gastrointestinal comorbidities, in children with restrictive eating problems. METHODS A parental telephone in...